Lunch Feeding Study for Men and Women
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Penn State University
- Enrollment
- 50
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in intake by weight
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the satiation measures that influence human eating behavior in regard to intake of large portion sizes at a meal. The investigators hypothesize that satiation measures will influence the magnitude of the portion size effect at a meal. Additionally, other individual characteristics will be examined for their influence on the portion size effect. The portion size effect will be measured by serving a test meal once a week for four weeks in which the portion size of the entree will be varied.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- Single (Participant)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Be willing and able to travel to Penn State University Park campus weekly for meals
- •Be a man or woman 18 - 70 years old
- •Regularly eat 3 meals/day
- •Be willing to avoid alcohol the day before and during test days
- •Have a body mass index between 18.0 and 35.0 kg/m*m
- •Be willing to refrain from eating after 10 pm the evening before test sessions
- •Be willing to participate in all study procedures
Exclusion Criteria
- •Must not be a smoker
- •Must not be an athlete in training
- •Must not be pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of screening
- •Have taken prescription or non-prescription drugs that may affect appetite or food intake within the last 3 months
- •Dislike or be unable to eat the test foods (because of allergies, intolerance, or dietary restrictions)
- •Must not be currently dieting to gain or lose weight
- •Have a health condition that affects appetite
- •Have participated in a similar study in our lab in the past year
- •Must not be a student, faculty, or staff member in nutritional sciences or psychology
Arms & Interventions
100% Portion Size
Test meal with portion size 100% of baseline
Intervention: 100% portion size (Other)
125% Portion Size
Test meal with portion size 125% of baseline
Intervention: 125% portion size (Other)
150% Portion Size
Test meal with portion size 150% of baseline
Intervention: 150% portion size (Other)
175% Portion Size
Test meal with portion size 175% of baseline
Intervention: 175% portion size (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in intake by weight
Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4
Weights (grams) of all foods consumed
Change in energy intake
Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4
Calculated energy intake (kcal) based on weight and energy density of food consumed
Secondary Outcomes
- Change in mean bite rate(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in meal duration(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of the pleasantness of the taste of the entree sample(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of prospective consumption of the entree sample(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of thirst(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in ratings of prospective consumption(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of fullness(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in bite count(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in mean bite size(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in mean eating rate(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in distribution of estimated bite size(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in sip count(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of the pleasantness of the taste of food samples(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of hunger(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in rating of prospective consumption of food samples(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
- Change in ratings of nausea(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4)
Investigators
Barbara J. Rolls
Professor of Nutrition and Director of the Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behavior
Penn State University