Stepwise Versus Standard Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation at High Thromboembolic Risk Undergoing CIED Procedures (STEP-AF Trial)
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 424
- Locations
- 1
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This is a multi-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial (STEP-AF) designed to evaluate the safety of a stepwise anticoagulation strategy compared with the guideline-recommended standard anticoagulation regimen in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation at high thromboembolic risk (CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥2) undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. A total of 424 eligible patients will be randomized 1:1 to either the stepwise anticoagulation group (reduced-dose NOAC from 24 hours post-surgery to day 7, followed by standard-dose NOAC) or the standard anticoagulation group (standard-dose NOAC resumed 24 hours post-surgery). The primary endpoint is the incidence of clinically significant pocket hematoma within 30 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints include individual components of the primary endpoint and other composite outcomes of major perioperative bleeding events. The study aims to provide evidence-based data for optimizing perioperative anticoagulation regimens in Chinese patients undergoing CIED implantation.
Detailed Description
This is an investigator-initiated, multi-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. The study plans to enroll patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter admitted for CIED implantation, who are assessed as having moderate to high arterial thromboembolic risk (CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥2 points) and have received NOACs for at least 5 days before surgery. CIED procedures include implantation and generator replacement; device types include pacemakers (single-chamber, dual-chamber, and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers), defibrillators (single-chamber, dual-chamber, and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators).
Eligible subjects will be enrolled after screening against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Enrolled subjects will be randomized 1:1 to the intervention group (stepwise anticoagulation group) and the control group (standard anticoagulation group) using a web-based randomization system.
All enrolled subjects will discontinue anticoagulants 1 day before surgery and resume anticoagulant therapy 24 hours after surgery. All subjects receiving anticoagulant therapy will be applied a single elastic bandage compression after removal of the intraoperative compression bandage on the first postoperative day.
For the stepwise anticoagulation group: reduced-dose anticoagulation will be resumed 24 hours after surgery, and standard-dose anticoagulation will be restored on the 7th postoperative day. For the standard anticoagulation group: standard-dose anticoagulation will be resumed 24 hours after surgery.
Subjects will be followed up daily during hospitalization for monitor of pacemaker pocket bleeding, bleeding at other sites, and systemic embolism events. On the day before discharge, the following indicators will be evaluated: complete blood count (hemoglobin, hematocrit [HCT]), length of hospital stay, and in-hospital pacemaker pocket intervention (e.g., additional compression beyond the standard compression protocol, pocket revision, pocket hematoma evacuation, etc.).
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Aged 18 years or older at the time of screening, and able to provide written informed consent;
- •Scheduled for any CIED procedure (implantation or generator replacement), including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices;
- •Receiving NOAC therapy for at least 5 consecutive days prior to enrollment;
- •Diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (and/or atrial flutter) with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥2, or scheduled for cardioversion or defibrillation threshold testing during the CIED procedure.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Presence of active systemic or local infection at the time of screening;
- •Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min, or any other contraindication to NOAC use;
- •Active bleeding (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding);
- •Severe thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count < 50 × 10⁹/L at screening;
- •Life expectancy <1 year;
Investigators
Li Xiaofei
Dr.
Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China