An Exploratory Clinical Investigation Evaluating Microbiological and Immunological Aspects of Peri-implant Crevicular Fluid and Short-term Treatment Outcomes of Two Different Implant Abutment Surfaces in Subjects Since Four to Nine Years

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and immunological biomarkers of implant sites which were treated with two different implant-abutment-systems (anodized surface and machined surface). This single-center exploratory study includes 22 subjects, divided into two distinct groups: Test group and Control group. All subjects in both groups have undergone treatment. In the Test group, subjects were treated between 2019 and 2020 with the NobelActive TiUltra implant and On1 Base Xeal abutment, while in the Control group, treatment occurred in 2017 with NobelActive TiUnite implant and On1 machined abutment. All subjects were treated by the same clinician, Dr Giacomo Fabbri, and were participants in two approved clinical study protocols (T-190 and IIT 2017-1538) approaved by local Ethics Committee. T-190, a multicenter study, involved 21 subjects from Dr Fabbri's center, with 12 subjects available for recall (Control group) in this study. The IIT 2017-1538 study included 61 subjects, with 12 subjects scheduled for recall (Test group) in the current study. Two subjects were part of both the studies, received both the implant abutment solutions and belong to both the groups. The subjects are enrolled provided they meet all the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria and sign the informed consent. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and plaques samples will be collected from control and test implant sites (and respective contralateral tooth/implants) of each participating subject for immunological and microbiological testing at two time points with an interval of approximately 3 weeks between the two sample collections.