The Evaluation of the Relationship Between Clinical Parameters and Kinesiophobia in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) is defined as a condition in which abnormalities in the femoral and acetabular anatomy lead to abnormal contact and mechanical forces along the joint, resulting in labral and chondral pathologies.

Symptomatic patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) typically present with pain, primarily in the groin but also potentially in the lower back, hip, and posterior thigh. In addition to pain, patients may complain of a mechanically perceptible 'click' sound, locking sensation, or instability in the hip. Symptoms particularly worsen with activities such as squatting, hip rotation, sitting, climbing stairs, and prolonged sitting. The resulting symptoms lead to a decrease in functional capacities related to physical activities.

The radiographic measurements of the FAIS-Cam deformity are typically done using the alpha angle. An angle of 58 degrees or higher is considered abnormal. However, abnormal morphology is not always indicative of a pathological lesion. A holistic approach, including patient symptoms and a physical examination, is necessary for a comprehensive assessment.

In patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS), hip biomechanics notably change during activities such as walking, squatting, and climbing stairs. Due to pain, individuals with FAIS may exhibit protective behaviors, such as keeping the hip in flexion or adopting a Trendelenburg gait to avoid loading forces on the extremity. This situation can lead to kinesiophobia, defined as an exaggerated fear of movement and avoidance behavior based on the belief that movement may lead to injury. In patients with FAIS, it is believed that high levels of kinesiophobia are associated with lower physical function.

The participants' sociodemographic information will be recorded using a Sociodemographic Information Form. For pain assessment, the Visual Analog Scale and Algometer will be employed. Joint range of motion will be measured using the Clinometer mobile application, hip asymmetry will be assessed through the Weight Bearing Asymmetry Test using a scale, movement fear will be gauged using the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and hip dysfunction will be evaluated using the Harris Hip Score. Additionally, the "Sit-to-Stand Test" will be utilized for functional measurement. The alpha angle for patients will be evaluated through pelvic anteroposterior radiography.