Characteristics of Voice Hearing in Dissociative Identity Disorders and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders with and without a Childhood Trauma History: A Daily Momentary Assessment with the Voices Research Smartphone Application.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Recruiting

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 93

Inclusion Criteria

- In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a patient must meet one
of the following criteria:
o A diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (300.14)
o A diagnosis of Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders (SSD),
more specifically one of the following diagnoses in this category: Brief
Psychotic Disorder (298.8); Schizophreniform Disorder (295.40) or Schizophrenia
(295.90) and persistent voice hearing
- Participants will be divided into groups in terms of their diagnosis and the
presence/absence of a childhood trauma history (based on the outcome of the
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form).
o Participants with Dissociative Identity Disorder
o Participants with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder with a childhood trauma
history
o Participants with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder without a childhood trauma
history

Exclusion Criteria

- Severe current substance abuse (e.g., the use of hallucinogens, cannabis,
amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine) that produces acute drug effects that
are difficult to differentiate from the mental disorders and symptoms involving
this study (e.g., dissociative feelings, hallucinations or paranoid ideation).
- The presence of a substance/medication-induced mental disorder that shares
the phenomenology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and dissociative
disorders (e.g., cannabis or alcohol induced psychotic disorder).
- Severe brain damage, which prevents the participant from answering the
questions and using the smartphone application properly.
- Lack of fluency in Dutch
- Severity of present disorders (e.g. too much anxiety or paranoid cognitive
distortions), that disables the patient to contribute.
- Patients that meet both the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder ánd
schizophrenia spectrum disorder (true comorbidity) will be excluded.
- For ethical reasons, patients that are currently in crisis (i.e., immediate
danger to oneself or others) will be excluded (e.g., acute high risk of suicide
or severe self-injurious behavior, or severe aggression-control problems).

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational non invasive

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The primary outcome are the characteristics of the voices.</p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>To check suitability for the study and to assign the participant to a group:<br /><br>- Diagnosis<br /><br>- Presence/absence of a childhood trauma history<br /><br><br /><br>Other:<br /><br>- Life events<br /><br>- Psychotic symptoms<br /><br>- Dissociative symptoms<br /><br>- Insomnia symptoms<br /><br>- Characteristics of the voices (via a retrospective questionnaire)<br /><br><br /><br>Optional (the participant can decide for himself if he wants to fill out this<br /><br>questionnaire):<br /><br>- Trauma content<br /><br>- Content of most annoying voice</p><br>