3% Hypertonic saline induced changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) and its correlation with Transcranial colour coded Duplex (TCCD) parameters in patients with moderate to severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A prospective observational study.

After CTRI approval, our study will enroll patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury to observe the 3% hypertonic saline-induced changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) parameters and assess the correlation between them.

The primary objective is to establish a correlation between changes in ONSD and TCCD parameters following hypertonic saline therapy. Secondary objective is to assess the correlation between clinical improvement (change in GCS) with changes in TCCD parameters and ONSD in patients with moderate to severe TBI following hypertonic saline. To assess the effects of 3% hypertonic saline administration on electrolyte disturbances and hemodynamic parameters in patients with TBI. To evaluate clinical outcomes including length of ICU stay, length of ventilatory stay, incidence of AKI, total hospital length of stay, and mortality rates.

Data will be collected at baseline (before therapy) at the time of ICU admission, 10 minutes post-therapy, 1 hour post-therapy, and daily for 5 days or until the administration of hypertonic saline therapy, whichever is earlier. Clinical outcomes will be noted until hospital discharge or the date of death in the hospital.