Effects of Virtual Reality Versus Motor Imagery Versus Routine Physical Therapy in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Other: Motor Imagery with Routine physical therapy
Other: Routine physical therapy
Other: VR with Routine physical therapy and Virtual reality

Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of VR and MI techniques in addition to routine physical therapy on motor skills, balance and ADL in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Detailed Description: Parkinson's disease is one of the most common, insidious neurological disorders with major motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity, and postural disorders. Virtual reality and motor imagery are among the more innovative techniques for rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease that promote motor learning through both explicit and implicit processes.This study is unique in that it examines the effects of VR versus MI on motor skills, balance, and daily living activities in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale(H&Y stages I to III)
Between the ages of 50 and 80 years of both genders
Independent in transfers
A score equal to or greater than 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and
Previous lack of participation in balance or motor training.

Exclusion Criteria

History of any neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy other than Parkinson's disease,
History of orthopedic issues such as pain, fracture, or lower limb pathology,
History of visual abnormalities,
History of any chronic or cardiovascular pathology that can interfere with the transfer procedure or can affect the training sessions,
The participants having severe dyskinesia or "on-off" phases,
Previous history of surgery for PD,
History of virtual games used for treatment in the past three months, and
Virtual game phobia.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Motor imagery technique with Routine Physical Therapy	Motor Imagery with Routine physical therapy	Motor Imagery techniques will be given for 5 to 10 minutes along with routine physical therapy for 40 minutes which consists of warming-up, stretching, strengthening and active exercises for relaxation, coordination exercises for limbs, trunk, neck, and gait training)
Routine Physical Therapy	Routine physical therapy	Only routine physical therapy will be given (including warming-up, stretching, strengthening and active exercises for relaxation, coordination exercises for limbs, trunk, neck, and gait training)
Virtual Reality with Routine Physical Therapy	VR with Routine physical therapy and Virtual reality	The duration of the VR will be from 10 to 15 minutes during each session and Routine Physical Therapy for 40 minutes which consists of warming-up, stretching, strengthening and active exercises for relaxation, coordination exercises for limbs, trunk, neck, and gait training)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale Part II	3 months	This is a subjective instrument that is widely used in clinical settings for patients with Parkinson's disease. This scale comprises 31 elements, which are divided into three sub-scales: Sub-scale II comprises the evaluation of activities in daily living. A possible maximum of 199 points can be scored on this scale. A score of 199 refers to complete disability and 0 refers to the absence of disability .
Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale Part III	3 months	This is a subjective instrument that is widely used in clinical settings for patients with Parkinson's disease. This scale comprises 31 elements, which are divided into three sub-scales and sub-scale III evaluates the motor system. A possible maximum of 199 points can be scored on this scale. A score of 199 refers to complete disability and 0 refers to the absence of disability
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)	3 months	The scale has been established as the most widely used assessment tool in clinical settings to identify changes in balance performance. A score of less than 45 is considered a limit for the risk of falling, while a score of 56 relates to functional balance

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC):	3 months	This scale is used as a predictor of falls in patients with neurological deficits. Patients are rated from 0% to 100%, with 0% interpreted as not at all safe and 100% as completely safe

Locations (1): Ripah International University
🇵🇰
Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan