Treatment of Photodamaged Skin of the décolleté With Fractional Laser, Radio-frequency Microneedling, and Photodynamic Therapy

Photoaging of skin and actinic keratoses Photoaging of the skin is the result of UV radiation in chronic sun exposure and its deleterious effects. Photoaging includes fine and coarse wrinkles, roughness, laxity, mottled pigmentation, coarseness, sallowness, telangiectasia, solar lentigines and dysplastic actinic keratoses. The process can be of both cosmetic and medical importance. Actinic keratoses (AK) are common dysplastic pre-malignant lesions that may develop into a malign invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). SCCs have metastatic potential at up to 3%. The risk of malign transformation from AK to SCC is highest in chronic sun-damaged skin with confluent field-cancerization from multiple AK. National guidelines recommend treatment of the entire field of sun damaged skin with photodynamic therapy and several topical drugs, e.g. imiquimod, diclofenac, ingenol mebutate, and 5-fluoruracil. Repeat treatments are usually necessary to achieve the desired results in patients with chronic sun damaged skin.

Photochemical treatment with photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses a photosensitizer drug activated in the skin by light in the visible spectrum. Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a photosensitizing agent with great affinity for dysplastic cells, and transforms into the light-sensitive Protoporphyrin PpIX. When exposed to light, photoactivated PpIX catalyzes a reactive oxygen species reaction, which leads to irreversible cell apoptosis of the dysplastic or neoplastic tissue. PDT can be used as treatment of a wide range of photoaging skin defects including actinic keratoses, and is exceedingly well suited for treatment of larger skin areas. PDT produces cosmetically pleasing results in extension of the excellent AK clearance.

Physical intervention with fractional laser and light-based interventions

Fractional laser and light-based treatments with lasers and microneedles are approaches that can be applied very precisely, and can be used to rejuvenate photodamaged skin.