Corrective Exercises With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation In Children With Flexible Flatfeet
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Interventions
- Other: Corrective exercisesOther: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
- Registration Number
- NCT04410926
- Lead Sponsor
- Cairo University
- Brief Summary
flexible flatfoot is a common foot misalignment in children. various treatment procedures are used to correct or to avoid future complain among adults and pediatric population.
- Detailed Description
Ethics Statement This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt (no. P.T.REC/012/0016370) and strictly adhered to the criteria proclaimed in the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki code of ethics. Children's participation was commissioned by asking their legal guardian to sign a consent form prior to data collection.
Study design A prospective double-masked randomized controlled trial was carried out from September 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 at the Out-patient Physical Therapy Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University.
Sample size estimation Sample size calculation was performed prior to the study using G\*POWER statistical software (version 3.1.9.2; Franz Faul, Universitat Kiel, Germany) \[F tests- MANOVA. Estimates of means of SAI were calculated from a preliminary study included 10 children who were assigned to the two treatment groups (5 children for each). Repeated measures, within-between interaction, α=0.05, β=0.2, Pillai V = 0.1, and large effect size\] and revealed that the appropriate sample size for this study was not less than 65 children. ¬then, 70 children were recruited to account for the possible dropout rates.
Randomization Seventy-two volunteer children who were recruited from governmental schools at Cairo and Giza Provinces. The online Graph Pad software was used to allocate study participants to either intervention group (corrective exercise and NMES) control group (corrective exercise and placebo NMES). All children/legal and examiners were unaware of group allocation.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 66
The criteria for inclusion were
- Di¬agnosed (by an orthopedist) with asymptomatic FFF,
- Navicular height more than 9-millimeter (mm),
- Grade III flatfoot grade (midfoot width exceeding forefoot width)
- Normal body weight (BMI from 5th to 85th percentile),
- Presented with no neuromuscular or osseous anomalies.
The authors excluded all children who had a history of
- Symptomatic flatfeet
- Congenital deformities of the lower extremities (e.g. genu valgum, femoral anteversion, leg length discrepancy, hypermobile joint)
- Scar/irri¬tated skin at the electrode placement
- Neurological/ neuromuscular disorders.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description intervention group Corrective exercises Corrective exercises The experimental and control groups performed a designed strengthening exercises included short-foot exercise, toes-spread-out exercise, toes-extension exercise and toe-curls for 60 minutes. Each exercise was performed for 30 repetitions holding each repetition for 5 seconds (about three minutes). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation The experimental group received NMES aiming to reinforce the planter intrinsic foot muscles. High-voltage pulsed current was set at frequency of 85 Hz with 5 seconds contraction time and 12 seconds rest time while the ramp-up and ramp-down time were 0.3 and 0.7 respectively. The current intensity was adjusted based on the individual tolerance without reporting pain or discomfort while standing on both feet. The stimulation time lasted each session for 30 minutes. intervention group Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Corrective exercises The experimental and control groups performed a designed strengthening exercises included short-foot exercise, toes-spread-out exercise, toes-extension exercise and toe-curls for 60 minutes. Each exercise was performed for 30 repetitions holding each repetition for 5 seconds (about three minutes). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation The experimental group received NMES aiming to reinforce the planter intrinsic foot muscles. High-voltage pulsed current was set at frequency of 85 Hz with 5 seconds contraction time and 12 seconds rest time while the ramp-up and ramp-down time were 0.3 and 0.7 respectively. The current intensity was adjusted based on the individual tolerance without reporting pain or discomfort while standing on both feet. The stimulation time lasted each session for 30 minutes. control group Corrective exercises Corrective exercises The experimental and control groups performed a designed strengthening exercises included short-foot exercise, toes-spread-out exercise, toes-extension exercise and toe-curls for 60 minutes. Each exercise was performed for 30 repetitions holding each repetition for 5 seconds (about three minutes). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation The control group received placebo NMES with no current stimulation. In another words, the current intensity was set at 0mA while standing on both feet for 30 minutes.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Radiographic indexes period of the treatment was 4 successive months Radiographic indexes were carried out through bilateral radiographs encompassing horizontal (antero-posterior) and sagittal (lateral) views obtained with the child in a relaxed bipedal weight-bearing erect standing.
Staheli's arch index period of the treatment was 4 successive months The footprint is one of the easy, cost effective, noninvasive and objective measures for assessing the SAI. A value of SAI \>1.15 indicates flatfeet.
Navicular height period of the treatment was4 successive months The navicular height was measured by the navicular drop test first described by Brody21 to evaluate the amount of foot pronation. Measurements of 6-9 mm are considered to be within the normal range. It represents the vertical extension between the most prominent point of the navicular and the supporting surface.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
faculty of physical therapy, Cairo university
🇪🇬Giza, Egypt