The effectiveness of breathing exercise, foot reflexology, and back massage (BRM) during the first stage of labor on labor pain, duration, anxiety, satisfaction, stress hormones, and newborn outcomes in women in Saudi Arabia who are pregnant for the first time

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: abor; Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Registration Number: ISRCTN87414969
• Lead Sponsor: mm al-Qura University

Brief Summary

2020 Protocol article in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32540887/ protocol (added 17/06/2020) 2022 Results article in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241937/ (added 07/06/2022)

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Results First Posted: 1900-01-01
• Study Start: 2019-05-01
• Study Completion: 2020-05-30
• Last Update Posted: 20 June 2022

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 225

Inclusion Criteria

1. Primigravida women without any previous pregnancies such as miscarriages
2. Aged 20 to 35 years
3. At 37 to 41 weeks gestation when in labor
4. Having regular contractions with cervical dilatation of at least 6 cm
5. Regularly attended antenatal clinic from 26 to 34 weeks
6. Singleton pregnancy
7. Cephalic presentation in labor

Exclusion Criteria

1. Diagnosed with chronic diseases before or during the pregnancy, such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, diabetes, asthma, mental health or psychological disorders, epilepsy or seizures
2. Pregnancy-related diseases, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
3. Complicated pregnancy, such as placenta-previa, haemorrhage, fetal distress
4. Use of analgesics other than intramuscular pethidine

Study & Design

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Design: Not specified