Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Inpatient Use in COPD

Phase 4

Completed

Brief Summary: A comparison of albuterol treatments using hypertonic saline (3%) versus standard saline (0.9%) in patients with admitted patients COPD in regard to Modified Borg Dyspnea scale scores after 4 treatments within 24 hours.

Detailed Description: Hypothesis:

A clinically significant difference exists between albuterol treatments with nebulized 3% saline versus standard saline, for improvements in the patient's modified Borg dyspnea score during an acute exacerbation of COPD.Study

Population:

This study will involve 146 patients admitted to Doctors Hospital in Columbus, Ohio from September 2014 through September 2015 with a clinical diagnosis of an acute exacerbation of COPD, defined as an increase in the patient's dyspnea, cough, or change in sputum consistency/volume/color from the patient's baseline during stable conditions.

Study Design:

Patients will be randomly assigned to 2.5 mg albuterol treatments with either normal saline, as is the standard, or hypertonic saline.

Once the patient is enrolled, they will be randomly assigned to 2.5 mg albuterol treatments with either normal saline, as is the standard, or hypertonic saline. They will then receive the 2.5mg albuterol treatment, and saline solution as determined by the randomization plan (Group 1 will receive 0.9% saline and Group 2 will receive 3% saline), every six hours for at least the first 24 hours, with allowance for PRN (pro re nata= as needed) use every four hours by patient request.

The patient's dyspnea will be evaluated prior to starting the treatment and after the intervention period is completed using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Patients at least 18 years of age
Admitted to Doctors Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of COPD
Documented obstruction on spirometry from prior records available at the time of the study.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients younger than 18 years of age
Spirometry data not available
History of smoking less than twenty pack-years
Possibility of other primary cause of the patient's change in dyspnea or cough (e.g. pneumonia, congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction)
Patient is found to have a different primary cause after initial enrollment
Non-English speaking subjects

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Standard Saline	standard saline	Patients will receive standard saline (0.9%) saline along with standard 2.5 mg. albuterol treatments once every 6 hours for 24 hour, with allowance for PRN (as needed use). Dyspnea will be assessed prior to treatment and at completion of the 24 hour period using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale.
Hypertonic Saline	hypertonic saline	Patients will receive nebulized hypertonic (3%) saline along with standard 2.5 mg. albuterol treatments once every 6 hours for 24 hour, with allowance for PRN (as needed use). Dyspnea will be assessed prior to treatment and at completion of the 24 hour period using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Patient-Reported Breathing Difficulty - Using Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale	Pre-treatment (baseline) vs. 24 hours post-treatment	This is a patient-reported scale to rate the difficulty of breathing. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, wherein "0" indicates no difficulty breathing, and "10" indicates a maximal difficulty in breathing. Patients may report in whole numbers, from 0 to 10, in addition to reporting 0.5, which indicates "very, very slight (just noticeable) difficulty in breathing." A negative change in score indicates a reduction in patient-reported breathing difficulty. The greater the negative change, the better the patient-reported breathing.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
30 Day Readmission	30 days post discharge	Documented hospital readmission 30 days post discharge
30 Day All Cause Mortality	30 days post discharge	Documented mortality at 30 days post discharge