Effectiveness of a Dose-graded Aerobic Exercise Regimen on Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Physical Performance in Children Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Fifty-eight survivors of ALL were recruited from the hematology-oncology polyclinic at King Khalid Hospital and two referral pediatric hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study included survivors aged 10-18 years, who completed maintenance therapy, had no abnormalities of the lower limbs or spine and did not participate in a regular exercise program (in the past six months). survivors who had secondary malignancies, significant musculoskeletal/neurological issues affecting the capacity to participate in exercises or neurocognitive impairments were excluded.

Outcome measures

1. Cardiopulmonary fitness: The peak oxygen uptake was assessed through the McMaster cycling protocol.
2. Physical Performance: Three tests were used; the 6-minute walk test, the timed up and down stairs test, and the 4x10 meter Shuttle Run test.

Interventions

The D-GAE group received a 12-week aerobic training, three times in addition to the traditional physical rehabilitation. The D-GAE program commenced with a training intensity corresponding to 50% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate for 25 minutes in the first two weeks, which progressed on a two-week basis, and ended up with a training intensity corresponding to 75% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate for 50 minutes in the last two weeks. The D-GAE program included a warm-up for 5 minutes and a cool-down for 5 minutes. The control group received the traditional physical rehabilitation only, 45 minutes per session, three times a week for 12 consecutive weeks. The program consisted of flexibility exercises, strengthening exercises, balance training, and general conditioning exercises.