EMPRA (EMPagliflozin and RAs in Kidney Disease)

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease stage3
Chronic Kidney Disease stage4
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Drug: Placebo Oral Tablet
Drug: Empagliflozin 10 MG [Jardiance]

Registration Number: NCT03078101

Lead Sponsor: Medical University of Vienna

Brief Summary: This study will be a prospective, clinical pilot study in CKD patients to show whether Empagliflozin in addition to ACEi treatment significantly increases Ang 1-7 levels compared to ACEi treatment alone.

Null and alternative hypotheses:

H0: Empagliflozin in addition to ACEi treatment does not increase Ang 1-7 levels more than ACEi treatment alone.

H1: Empagliflozin in addition to ACEi treatment significantly increases Ang 1-7 levels compared to ACEi treatment alone

Methodology:

Two groups of 24 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, respectively, with and without type 2 diabetes will be randomized into the study medication or placebo group. The number of patients per treatment arms is n = 12. Included and consented patients will be subjected to an initial 2-week run-in period for conversion of current RAS blocking medications to ACEi therapy with enalapril or ramipril and respective dose titration to 10 mg enalapril 2 x daily and 10 mg ramipril 1 x daily. Additional antihypertensive medication will be standardized as feasible, with the primary goal of keeping blood pressure as recommended by KDIGO. Following the 2-week run-in phase, all study patients will be subjected to blood collection including the first RAS quantification (RAS Fingerprint) and assessment of HDL composition, as well as urinary analysis and bioimpedance fluid status assessment (BCM measurement). Subsequently, patients will be randomized to either receive empagliflozin (at a dose of 10 mg daily) or placebo. Subsequently, biweekly study visits including electrolyte and glucose (plasma and urine) monitoring as well as BCM measurement will take place. After 12 weeks of study medication intake, a concluding study visit will be scheduled for final RAS quantification (RAS Fingerprint) and HDL analyses as well as final blood and urinary analysis and BCM measurement. Initially, blood and urine will be collected at the clinical visit as part of the routine blood obtainment (no additional effort on patients). From these routine measurements we will be able to extract information regarding the patient's current CKD stage as well as other relevant laboratory parameters (e.g. HbA1c, UACR, etc.). Furthermore, we will document the patient's current medication and significant comorbidities.

Primary analysis variable/endpoint:

The difference of Ang 1-7 increase from baseline between a 3-month treatment with empagliflozin on top of ACEi treatment compared to ACEi treatment alone

Most important secondary analysis variables/endpoints:

1. Simultaneous quantitative changes of multiple RAS effector angiotensin levels determined by mass-spectrometry

2. Recurrence of Ang II levels determined by mass-spectrometry

3. HDL parameters (protein composition of HDL)

4. Renal parameters (albuminuria reduction measured by urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum-creatinine)

5. Urinary electrolyte levels

6. Urinary glucose levels

7. Urinary RAS metabolites (angiotensinogen, ACE and ACE2 levels, ACE2 activity)

8. Blood pressure determined by ambulatory blood pressure measurements

9. Body volume determined by bioimpedance fluid status assessment (BCM measurement)

10. OCR and ECAR in PBMCs determined by Seahorse Flux Analyzer

11. Assessment of reduction of salt sensitivity by using salt sensitivity test with empagliflozin

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 51

Inclusion Criteria

for CKD patients with type 2 diabetes

Estimated GFR (calculated with the MDRD-IDMS formula) between 15 and 59 ml/min (with CKD stage IIIa/b to IV)
Albumin excretion rates of 30-300 mg/24 hours (UACR <300 mg/g)
Fasting plasma glucose levels >126 mg/dl [7mmol/L] or HbA1c levels >6.5% (Definition of type 2 diabetes according to the diagnostic criteria set forth by the American Diabetes Association in 2009)

for CKD patients without Diabetes

Estimated GFR (calculated with the MDRD-IDMS formula) between 15 and 59 ml/min (with CKD stage IIIa/b to IV)
Albumin excretion rates of 30-300 mg/24 hours (UACR <300 mg/g)

Exclusion Criteria

CKD patients with type 2 diabetes

Age <18 years
Severely impaired renal function (eGFR <15ml/min)
Hyperkalemia above 4.5mmol/L
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure lower than 120 mmHg on ambulatory measurement)
Pregnant patients
Patients planning pregnancy
Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2

for CKD patients without diabetes

Age <18 years
Diabetic kidney disease
Severely impaired renal function (eGFR <15ml/min)
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure lower than 120 mmHg on ambulatory measurement)
Pregnant patients
Patients planning pregnancy
Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 -

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Group D	Placebo Oral Tablet	Non-diabetic CKD patients receiving 'Placebo Oral Tablet
Group A	Empagliflozin 10 MG [Jardiance]	Diabetic CKD patients receiving Empagliflozin 10 MG \[Jardiance\]
Group C	Empagliflozin 10 MG [Jardiance]	Non-diabetic CKD patients receiving Empagliflozin 10 MG \[Jardiance\]
Group B	Placebo Oral Tablet	Diabetic CKD patients receiving Placebo Oral Tablet

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The difference of Ang 1-7 increase from baseline between a 3-month treatment with empagliflozin on top of ACEi treatment compared to ACEi treatment alone	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	The difference of Ang 1-7 increase from baseline between a 3-month treatment with empagliflozin on top of ACEi treatment compared to ACEi treatment alone

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Mean changes of baseline Ang II levels after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; : 3 months	Mean changes of baseline Ang II levels after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean quantitative changes of baseline multiple RAS effector angiotensin levels after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean quantitative changes of baseline multiple RAS effector angiotensin levels after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean changes from baseline relevant blood parameters (HbA1c, β-hydroxybutyrat, elektrolytes, lipids, etc.) after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 ,3,4,5,6,7,8; 3 months	Mean changes from baseline relevant blood parameters (HbA1c, β-hydroxybutyrat, elektrolytes, lipids, etc.) after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean changes in body fluid status after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean changes in body fluid status after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean changes of baseline specific protein amount on HDL after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean changes of baseline specific protein amount on HDL after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean changes from baseline urinary RAS metabolites (angiotensinogen, ACE and ACE2 levels, ACE2 activity) after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean changes from baseline urinary RAS metabolites (angiotensinogen, ACE and ACE2 levels, ACE2 activity) after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment
Mean changes in baseline oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in peripheral peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after 3 months of empagliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean changes in baseline oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in peripheral peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after 3 months of empagliflozin treatment
Mean changes in salt sensitivity after 3 months of empagliflozin treatment	Visit 2 and Visit 8; 3 months	Mean changes in salt sensitivity after 3 months of empagliflozin treatment
Mean changes in specific renal parameters from baseline in 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment (albuminuria reduction, renal function)	Visit 2 ,3,4,5,6,7,8; 3 months	Mean changes in specific renal parameters from baseline in 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment (albuminuria reduction, renal function)
Mean changes in baseline blood pressure after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment	Visit 2 ,3,4,5,6,7,8; 3 months	Mean changes in baseline blood pressure after 3 months of empagaliflozin treatment

Trial Locations

Locations (1): Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
🇦🇹
Vienna, Austria

EMPRA (EMPagliflozin and RAs in Kidney Disease)

Recruitment & Eligibility

Study & Design

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