Comparative Evaluation of Dental and Periodontal Health Levels and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Dental and Medical Faculty Students

Clinical Periodontal Parameters (Plaque Index)

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Plaque Index (PI) (Silness and Löe, 1964) This index is used to evaluate the amount of dental plaque accumulation on tooth surfaces. Each tooth's four surfaces (buccal, lingual, mesial, distal) are examined using a probe or visually. Each surface is scored from 0 to 3. The average score is calculated for each tooth. The overall plaque index is obtained by averaging the scores from all examined teeth. Score Description 0 No plaque. 1 No visible plaque, but a slight film of plaque is detected when a probe is run along the gingival margin. 2 Visible plaque along the gingival margin, forming a continuous band. 3 Abundant plaque covering the gingival area and extending toward the middle of the tooth surface, including the interproximal spaces.

Oral Health Impact Profile-14

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It is a scale that indicates a person's quality of life related to their oral health. The scale includes 14 items covering seven sub-dimensions: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological distress, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and impairment. Participants rate the frequency of their experience with each item using a 5-point Likert scale (0=never, 1=rarely, 2=sometimes, 3=frequently, 4=always).

Clinical Periodontal Parameters (Gingival Index)

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The Gingival Index is used to assess the presence and severity of gingival inflammation (gingivitis). Four surfaces of each tooth (buccal, lingual, mesial, distal) are examined visually and with a periodontal probe. The evaluation considers color changes, edema (swelling), tissue consistency, and bleeding on probing. Each surface is scored from 0 to 3. The average score per tooth is calculated, and then the overall average is used to determine the individual's GI score. Score Description 0 Healthy gingiva: normal color and texture, no bleeding 1 Mild inflammation: slight color change and swelling, no bleeding on probing 2 Moderate inflammation: redness, edema, soft tissue, bleeding on probing 3 Severe inflammation: marked redness and swelling, ulceration, possible spontaneous bleeding

Periodontal Clinical Parametres (Bleeding on Probing Index)

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This index is used to assess the presence and severity of gingival inflammation by observing bleeding after gentle pressure is applied to the gingival sulcus using a periodontal probe. A thin periodontal probe is gently inserted into the gingival sulcus with light pressure (approximately 20-25 grams). Bleeding occurring within 10-30 seconds is observed. Each measurement site is recorded as either "bleeding present" or "bleeding absent." Presence of bleeding is an early and sensitive indicator of gingival inflammation. Score Description: 0 No bleeding 1 Bleeding present (mild or severe)

Periodontal Clinical Parametres (Probing Pocket Depth)

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Using a Williams periodontal probe, the distance between the gingival margin and the base of the periodontal pocket is measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth: mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, midlingual, and distolingual. All teeth are measured. The values obtained from each site are summed and then divided by the total number of sites measured. This gives the average probing depth for the individual. Measurement Interpretation 1-3 mm Healthy sulcus 4-5 mm Shallow to moderate pocket ≥6 mm Deep periodontal pocket (advanced disease)

Decayed Missing Filled Tooth (DMFT) Index

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D stands for decayed tooth