Effect of Slow Breathing and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique in Individual With Essential Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- King Saud University
- Enrollment
- 64
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Primary hypertension, also called essential hypertension, is a rise in blood pressure (BP) with no identifiable cause. The most prevalent form of hypertension is essential hypertension, which involves 95% of patients with hypertension.Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is learning to relax some groups of muscles while paying attention to the feelings connected with both the tense and relaxed states.It is generally established that regular slow (deep) breathing exercises enhance respiratory and cardiovascular function by enhancing parasympathetic tone and reducing sympathetic activity, thus reducing BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, and stress levels in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of slow breathing and PMR technique on BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.
Detailed Description
From the previously published literature, it is obvious that both slow breathing and PMR and slow breathing is effective in patients with essential hypertension. However, no studies are available on the combined effect of these two techniques. So, the study aims to investigate the combined effect of slow breathing and PMR technique on BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.
Sixty-four participants diagnosed with essential hypertension were randomly allocated into four groups (Slow breathing (SB), PMR, SB+PMR, Control) with 16 subjects in each. Baseline BP, HR, RR and perceived stress scale were taken. All three-intervention groups underwent 30 minutes of training three days before the day of the intervention. The intervention consisted of 30 minutes, pre, mid and post-intervention BP, HR, RR and Perceived Stress (PS) were measured. The control group rested for 30 minutes. Pre, mid and post-rest measurements of BP, HR, RR and PS were taken.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 30 Years to 60 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Participants with essential hypertension, a diastolic BP between 90 to 109mm of Hg, a systolic BP of more than 140mm of Hg,
- •Aged between 30 to 60 years, and
- •Self co-operation.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Participants with secondary hypertension, any physical abnormalities that may disturb the exercise intervention,
- •Participant who cannot perform any relaxation or breathing exercises, and
- •Non-cooperation of participants.
Arms & Interventions
SBE Group
Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) was performed by the participants of SBE group. Sixteen participants included in this group.
Intervention: Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) (Other)
PMR Group
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique was performed by the participants of the PMR group. It included 16-participants for the study.
Intervention: Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique (Other)
Combined Group
Sixty participants from the combined group performed both Slow Breathing Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique in this study.
Intervention: Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) (Other)
Combined Group
Sixty participants from the combined group performed both Slow Breathing Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique in this study.
Intervention: Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique (Other)
Control Group
No intervention was received/performed by the sixteen participants of the control group in this study.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Time Frame: 8 Weeks
SBP was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.
Perceived Stress (PS)
Time Frame: 8 Weeks
Perceived Stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale (PSS) with ten items, each with a five-point Likert scale (where a score of 0 indicates "never," a score of 1 indicates "nearly never," a score of 2 "occasionally," a score of 3 "very often," and a score of 4 "often").
Respiratory Rate (RR)
Time Frame: 8 Weeks
RR was measured manually as the number of breaths a participant takes per minute.
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
Time Frame: 8 Weeks
DBP was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.
Heart Rate (HR)
Time Frame: 8 Weeks
Heart Rate was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
AMIR IQBAL
Prinicipal Investigator
King Saud University