Enhancing Team Effectiveness for a Collaborative School-based Intervention for ADHD
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Team-effectiveness Research
- Sponsor
- University of California, San Diego
- Enrollment
- 144
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Parenting Skill Use Diary
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The proposed project aims to integrate team-based implementation strategies with an established school-based intervention for children with ADHD, the Collaborative Life Skills Program (CLS), to enhance its implementation and optimize its effectiveness. The investigators will tailor three empirically-supported team development interventions, Team Charters, Team Communication Training (Student Handoff Protocols), and Team Performance Monitoring, and integrate them into a team-enhanced CLS implementation protocol (CLS-T). Team Charters are a written document developed collaboratively by the team at the outset of their work together outlining expectations, goals, roles and responsibilities, and relevant policies and procedures for team collaborative operations. Research shows that Team Charters strengthen affective emergent states, such as trust and cohesion among team members, as well as cognitive emergent states, such as shared mental models. They also strengthen team processes, such as goal specification, communication, and coordination to optimize team effectiveness. Handoff protocols are widely used interventions for ensuring continuity in patient care and minimizing errors in medical settings. They have also been found to improve affective (e.g., trust, cohesion) and cognitive (e.g., shared mental models, situation awareness) emergent states among team members, enhancing team communication and coordination. Finally, Team Performance Monitoring provides feedback to teams that can motivate performance, provide opportunities for adaptation in the event of challenges, and prompt communication among team members. The investigators will conduct a Hybrid Type III cluster randomized trial in 24 schools in two large urban school districts, to evaluate whether CLS-T implementation results in improved implementation outcomes and child outcomes in comparison to standard CLS implementation.
Detailed Description
The specific aims are: Aim 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of CLS-T implementation, relative to standard CLS, on implementation outcomes. It is hypothesized that parent-teacher-SMHP implementation teams (N = 72) in schools randomized to CLS-T (N = 12) will have a significantly greater proportion of completed daily behavioral report cards, use more intervention strategies, and have greater fidelity and adherence to the intervention protocol than implementation teams (N = 72) in schools randomized to standard CLS (N = 12). The investigators will conduct focus groups with parents and teachers (Ns = 48), and SMHPs and school principals (Ns = 24) at schools assigned to each condition following the effectiveness trial and during the next school year to assess their perceptions and sustained use of the CLS-T and standard CLS implementation and intervention strategies. Aim 2. Evaluate the effectiveness of CLS-T implementation, relative to standard CLS implementation, on child outcomes. It is hypothesized that children in schools randomized to CLS-T implementation will demonstrate significantly greater improvements in their ADHD symptoms, academic, social, and behavioral functioning following the intervention, relative to children in standard CLS implementation schools. Aim 3. Use mixed-methods to examine if key team-based mechanisms are engaged by CLS-T implementation, relative to standard CLS implementation, and mediate its effects on implementation outcomes and child outcomes. It is hypothesized that implementation teams assigned to CLS-T implementation will have significantly stronger team-based emergent cognitive (e.g., shared mental models, situation awareness) and affective (e.g., trust, collective efficacy) states and team-based processes (e.g., communication, coordination) than implementation teams assigned to standard CLS implementation. The investigators will test whether these team-based mechanisms mediate the effects of CLS-T on implementation outcomes and child outcomes. The investigators will analyze qualitative data from focus groups to identify themes related to team-based mechanisms. The investigators will identify and leverage team communication data sources that are feasible, naturally occurring, and appropriate for school settings (e.g., CLS team meetings, CLS website communication) to submit to the Methods Core for the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools.
Investigators
Lauren Brookman-Frazee
Professor
University of California, San Diego
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Youth ages of 7-11 years (2-5th grade) who are attending a participating school
- •Child referred by a school mental health provider (SMHP) with apparent ADHD-related problems,
- •≥6 symptoms (item score ≥2) of Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity on the pooled parent and teacher Child Symptom Inventory
- •≥3 on the Impairment Rating Scale by parent and teacher (cross-situational impairment)
- •Caretaker and teacher consent to participate in treatment and child provides assent.
Exclusion Criteria
- •No presence of conditions that are incompatible with this study's treatment including: severe visual or hearing impairment, severe language delay or intellectual impairment, psychosis, pervasive developmental disorder
- •Child is in an all-day special education classroom (children in these classrooms are frequently receiving intensive behavior modification programs such that the intervention would be expected to require modification for use in these settings)
- •Parent/primary caregiver or child does not read or speak English. Note: Participats will need to be able to read/speak English because all measures are in English, and the intervention will be conducted in English. Parents will be given the option of having a research staff member assist them in completing the assessment measures.
- •Children planning to change (start or stop) psychotropic medication Note: Children taking medication will be required to meet all entry criteria, including impairment criteria, thus indicating a need for the intervention. Children taking medication for attention or behavior are eligible as long as their medication regimens are stable.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Parenting Skill Use Diary
Time Frame: Daily during 3-month long intervention
This 2-item measures assesses parent's use of behavioral strategies in responses to adaptive, as well as maladaptive child behaviors. It is completed in a daily diary format.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Appropriateness of Intervention Measure
Time Frame: Post-intervention (immediately following intervention)
This 12-item measure will be completed by parents, teachers, and SMHPs at post-intervention to assess the extent to which the CLS intervention, Team Charters, Handoff protocols, and Team Progress Monitoring and Assessment procedures are appealing, liked, and welcomed in their setting (acceptability); fitting, suitable, and applicable in their setting (appropriateness); possible and doable in their setting (feasible).
Intervention Fidelity
Time Frame: Weekly during 3-month long intervention
Fidelity monitoring observation checklists will be adapted in Year 1 from those previously developed for CLS to measure fidelity of SMHP training in standard CLS and CLS-T, as well as SMHP implementation of each component of the CLS and the TBIS. A separate measure of SMHP competence in executing the treatment will be adapted from the CLS Implementation Quality Form used in previous trials, which will be completed by the trainer after each "live" observation. Items assess clarity of skill presentation, thoroughness of homework review, use of practical examples, and effectiveness of handout review rated by the trainer on a 1- 5 scale (from 1=not at all to 5= most). The child-group version includes items such as use of effective commands, prompts and praise, and clarity of skill presentation rated by the trainer on a 1-5 scale (from 1=not at all to 5=most). A second research team member (blinded to group assignment) will rate 15% of sessions to estimate inter-rater reliability.
Sustained Use of EBP Strategies
Time Frame: Follow-up (6 months after the end of intervention)
SMHPs, parents, and teachers will each complete customized measures that query whether they are still using the skills learned in CLS during the subsequent school year, with new students/teachers. The scales will be adapted from scales used in previous clinical trials evaluating CLS and will include questions about use of the TBIS.
DBRC Completion
Time Frame: Weekly during 3-month long intervention
The proportion of school days the school eDBRC was implemented each week will be calculated based on the number of completed eDBRCs, divided by the overall count of possible school days during the week, as we have done in previous trials.13 School holidays (coded from the online student calendar for each school), child absence, special school events/field trips and substitute teacher days (when noted on the eDBRC) will not be included in the overall count of possible school days during the week.
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time Frame: Post-Intervention (immediately following intervention)
Parents, teachers, and SMHPs will completed this 10-item agnostic scale assessing product usability, with SUS scores above 80 indicating good usability.57-59 SUS will be completed by SMHPs, teachers, and parents after pre-intervention focus groups, and at the post-intervention assessment of the randomized trial to assess usability of each TBIS.
Secondary Outcomes
- Social Skills Improvement System(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), post-intervention (immediately following intervention), and follow up (6 months after the end of intervention))
- Impairment Rating Scale(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), post-intervention (immediately following intervention), and follow up (6 months after the end of intervention))
- Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), post-intervention (immediately following intervention), and follow up (6 months after the end of intervention))
- Homework Problems Checklist(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), Post-intervention (immediately following intervention), Follow-up (6 months after the end of intervention).)
- Academic Competency Evaluation Scale(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), post-intervention (immediately following intervention), and follow up (6 months after the end of intervention))
- Children's Organizational Skills Scales(Pre-intervention (immediately before intervention begins), post-intervention (immediately following intervention), and follow up (6 months after the end of intervention))