Effects of the Structured Sherborne Developmental Movement Program on Sensory and Motor Performance and Functional Status in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism is a complex disability that affects individuals differently, ranging from high-functioning to low-functioning autism. Autism is defined by cognition and observed behavior rather than specific medical diagnosis. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder classified in the category of pervasive disorders, characterized by impairment in socialization, unusual behaviors, and deficits in communication skills. In the United Kingdom alone, there are more than half a million people diagnosed with ASD, equivalent to 1 in every 100 people, and these numbers are rapidly increasing.

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to have similar characteristics and impairments in social skills, stereotypical behaviors (such as arm flapping), and unusual communication and interests. People with ASD tend to have poor social communication skills and lack a broad understanding of social cues. The effects of ASD put children at risk of remaining inactive, which can have harmful effects on their health.

In a study conducted by Pana et al., results show that students with ASD are not as physically active as their peers, but physical activity has a positive connection in promoting social interaction. A 2009 Estyn report showed that students demonstrated good development in their core skills through physical education, including problem-solving, working together, and listening, skills that could later be applied not only in physical education but also socially.

'Adapted physical education is the term used to describe services provided to school-age individuals from birth to 21 years of age.' Research has emphasized that when adapting lessons, children actively learn by teaching each other; it is important that all children, with and without disabilities, get this fundamental opportunity to coach each other.

The need for inclusive practice in physical education is now a crucial element in the national curriculum for students with special education, due to the recognition of psychological, physiological, and social benefits that physical education provides to students. The emphasis on inclusion in physical education has been largely recognized in recent years, especially for children with special educational needs.