To correlate the histopathological features with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrium of patients of Abnormal uterine bleeding at tertiary care hospital

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological complaint affecting women of reproductive and perimenopausal age. It significantly impacts quality of life and may be associated with various endometrial pathologies ranging from normal cyclical changes to hyperplasia and carcinoma. Estrogen and progesterone regulate endometrial proliferation and differentiation through their respective receptors. Alterations in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression may play a role in the pathogenesis of AUB and may influence therapeutic response. Histopathological examination of endometrial tissue remains the gold standard for diagnosis, and evaluation of ER/PR expression using immunohistochemistry may provide additional insights into hormonal responsiveness and disease progression.

Research Question: Is there a correlation between histopathological patterns of the endometrium and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding?

Methodology: This will be a cross-sectional prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBRH Hospital, Wardha. The study will include patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding who undergo endometrial biopsy or hysterectomy. The study duration will be 24 months with an estimated sample size of 45 cases. Endometrial specimens will be fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) will be performed on selected cases, and their expression will be correlated with histopathological findings. Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding due to causes other than endometrial pathology will be excluded from the study.

Conclusion: The study aims to determine the correlation between histopathological features of the endometrium and ER/PR expression in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Understanding this relationship may help in predicting hormonal responsiveness and guiding appropriate management strategies for patients with AUB.