Hupophosphatemia Levels Deleteriously Affect Outcome of Patients With Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Admitted to ICU

The study will include all patients admitted to ICU with or developing severe sepsis or septic shock within 24-hr after admission to ICU. Patients will be categorized according to at-admission inorganic phosphate (Pi) level into normophosphatemia group and hypophosphatemia group (HP) (mild, moderate and severe HP). All patients will be evaluated using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (APACHE II) and blood samples will be collected for ELISA estimation of serum Pi, human C-reactive protein (CRP), L-lactate, CBC picture , serum electrolytes and kidney and liver function tests. Serum Pi level will be re-estimated immediately and 24-hr after full dose administration. Outcomes will include the 28-day ICU morbidity and mortality rates and their relation to HP severity and PST administration.

Patients who will fulfill the inclusion criteria will be selectively divided into two groups according to estimated level of serum Pi: Control group will include patients with serum Pi >2.5 mg/dl and Study group will include patients having serum Pi<2.5 mg/dl and will be further sub-grouped according to severity of HP into mild HP (2-2.5 mg/dl), moderate (1-1.9 mg/dl) or severe (<1 mg/dl).

Central venous catheter will be inserted for all patients enrolled in the study via the jugular or subclavian vein. Then, baseline hemodynamic parameters and central venous pressure (CVP) will be estimated and will be continuously monitored. Arterial blood samples will be obtained anaerobically and collected in heparinized tubes for estimation of arterial blood gas and pH.

Sepsis management: Patients were managed according to guidelines of Surviving

Sepsis Campaign; briefly: