Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Root and Alveolar Bone Resorption Associated with Crowded Lower Incisors Leveling and Alignment

Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental medicine0 个研究点目标入组 34 人开始时间: 2022年1月28日最近更新: 2024年8月19日

适应症

试验速览

暂无简介。

•The patient's age ranges between 19 and 30 years old.
•Mild or moderate crowding of less than 6 mm according to Little (23)
•Good oral hygiene.
•All permanent lower teeth are present (except for third molars).
•The patient has not received any previous orthodontic treatment.
•The patient is a smoker of more than 20 cigarettes per day (24) with each cigarette containing a minimum of (0.2 mg of nicotine and 0.2 mg of tar) or its equivalent.

•1- Patients with a general or local health condition that affects the movement of the tooth.
•2- Patients under medications that affect orthodontic tooth movement.
•3- Periodontal lesions that developed during treatment.
•4- Patient who is not committed to the periodic follow-up appointments.
•5- Patient who does not complete the pain questionnaire.

发起方

Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental medicine