Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Vitamin D Metabolites in Professional Football Players: A Pilot Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Changes in serum 25(OH)D₃ concentration
研究概览
简要总结
This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study investigated the effects of high-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation and football-specific physical exercise on vitamin D metabolite concentrations in professional male football players. The study aimed to evaluate the acute response of circulating vitamin D metabolites, including 25-(OH)D₃, 24,25-(OH)₂D₃, and 3-epi-25-(OH)D₃, following a single oral dose of 500,000 IU cholecalciferol combined with high-intensity intermittent exercise typical of competitive football.
Twenty professional football players from a Polish top-division club participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the supplementation group (SGP) receiving 500,000 IU of vitamin D₃ or the placebo group (PGP) receiving an identical volume of placebo oil. The intervention was administered 48 hours prior to an intra-squad game. Blood samples were collected at three time points: baseline (T3), pre-match (T4), and post-match (T5). The primary outcome was the change in serum 25-(OH)D₃ concentration. Secondary outcomes included changes in 24,25-(OH)₂D₃ and 3-epi-25-(OH)D₃ levels, as well as their ratios. The study also assessed whether physical exercise modulates vitamin D metabolism.
The findings demonstrated that high-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation significantly increased serum 25-(OH)D₃ (↑198%) and 3-epi-25-(OH)D₃ (↑444%) levels, while football-specific exercise itself induced moderate increases in vitamin D metabolites. The results suggest that skeletal muscle may play a key role in vitamin D storage and release in response to exercise. The supplementation was well tolerated, with no adverse events observed.
详细描述
This pilot study was designed to explore the combined effects of high-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation and acute physical exercise on vitamin D metabolism in professional football players. The study responds to growing scientific interest in understanding how vitamin D status influences performance, recovery, and muscle function in athletes. While most previous studies have focused on chronic, low-to-moderate supplementation, this trial examined the response to a single, pharmacological dose of cholecalciferol in a controlled experimental setting.
Study Design
The study employed a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups:
Supplementation Group (SGP) - received a single oral dose of 500,000 IU vitamin D₃ (Vigantol Oil, P&G Health, Germany);
Placebo Group (PGP) - received an identical amount of placebo (vegetable oil).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
盲法说明
Single-blind design: participants were unaware of whether they received vitamin D₃ or placebo; the investigator administering supplements was unblinded.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male professional football players aged 18-35 years
- •Actively training and competing in the Polish first football league
- •No vitamin D or calcium supplementation during the previous 3 months
- •No injuries or illnesses affecting participation
排除标准
- •Current musculoskeletal injury or illness
- •Chronic metabolic, endocrine, or renal disorders
- •Use of vitamin D or calcium supplements
- •Refusal or inability to sign informed consent
结局指标
主要结局
Changes in serum 25(OH)D₃ concentration
时间窗: Baseline (before supplementation), 48 hours after supplementation, and immediately after the football match (2 days after supplementation).
Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D₃ will be measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). The primary outcome assesses the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation combined with physical exercise on 25(OH)D₃ concentration in professional football players.
Changes in serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [24,25(OH)₂D₃] concentration
时间窗: Baseline (T3), 48 hours post-supplementation (T4), and post-exercise (T5)
To evaluate the effect of vitamin D₃ supplementation and physical exercise on 24,25(OH)₂D₃ levels using ID-LC-MS/MS.
次要结局
- Changes in metabolite ratios (25(OH)D₃:24,25(OH)₂D₃ and 25(OH)D₃:3-epi-25(OH)D₃)(Baseline (before supplementation), 48 hours after supplementation, and immediately after the football match (2 days after supplementation).)
研究者
Anna Książek
Associate Professor
Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences