A Randomized, Cross-Over Trial to Evaluate the Acute Effects of Black Pepper on Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation in Humans
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 18
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation
Study Overview
Brief Summary
As obesity rates worldwide continue to increase, there is a focus on identifying active food ingredients which increase metabolic rate which can be used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of overweight and obesity. Promising animal and cell studies have suggested a role for black pepper and an active component of black pepper, piperine, in energy expenditure. However, the effects of black pepper have not been determined in humans. The investigators hypothesis if that consumption of 1.5g black pepper (0.5g in each of three meals over one day) will result in an elevation in 24-h resting energy expenditure when contrasted to a control day (no black pepper, same diet intake).
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 50 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Postmenopausal
- •Aged 50-65 years
- •BMI 25-35kg/m2
- •Not taking blood pressure or anti-inflammatory medications or any other medications that may impact the results
- •Thyroid hormone profile within the normal reference range
- •No medical condition which may impact the results (e.g. diabetes)
- •Accustomed to eating regular meals including breakfast
Exclusion Criteria
- •Heavy exerciser (defined as >150 minutes/week for more than 3 months)
- •Abuses alcohol or drugs
- •Vegetarian
Arms & Interventions
Black pepper
During the black pepper study day, subjects consumed 1.5g of black pepper (0.5g/meal) in 60.8g of vegetable juice. Black pepper was consumed was a meal on each occasion. 24-hour energy expenditure and substrate utilization will be measured.
Intervention: 24-hour energy expenditure and substrate utilization (Other)
No pepper control
During the no pepper control study day, subjects consumed an identical menu without black pepper. 60.8g of vegetable juice (vehicle) was consumed at each of the three study meals. 24-hour energy expenditure and substrate utilization will be measured.
Intervention: 24-hour energy expenditure and substrate utilization (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation
Time Frame: 24-hours
A primary outcome of this study was the 24-hour energy expenditure (measured in the metabolic chamber at the UNC NRI) following black pepper and no pepper control.
Secondary Outcomes
- Gut peptides(30 minutes after lunch)