A Single-arm, Prospective Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Total Body Irradiation Combined with Busulfan and Melphalan As Conditioning Regimen for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Salvage HSCT
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 40
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment
研究概览
简要总结
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the hematologic malignancies, for which patients typically undergo chemotherapy to achieve complete remission. However, approximately 30% of patients fail to respond to initial treatment, and many experience relapse after achieving remission. For patients with relapsed or refractory AML, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a potentially curative option. Sibling-matched HSCT has demonstrated a disease-free survival rate of 20-30%, while unrelated donor transplants yield an overall survival rate of approximately 22%. Haploidentical transplantation is a viable alternative for patients lacking a sibling donor. A 2019 study involving 1,693 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML revealed that haploidentical transplants yielded outcomes comparable to other transplant modalities, including HLA-matched and 9/10 matched unrelated donor transplants, thus supporting haploidentical transplantation as a viable therapeutic option.
The conditioning regimen is a critical component of the transplantation. In China, the modified BU/CY conditioning regimen, which combines busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CTX), is widely utilized for tumor cytoreduction and immunosuppression. Some centers also employ post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) to mitigate the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite advances, relapse remains a significant challenge. Optimizing conditioning regimens to enhance tumor cell targeting and achieve deeper remission is crucial. Additionally, many patients are unfit due to prior chemotherapy, infections, and organ dysfunction, which may make them unable to tolerate high-intensity conditioning.
Recent studies suggest that melphalan (MEL)-based conditioning regimens may offer advantages over CTX-based protocols. While total body irradiation (TBI) has been traditionally used in conditioning for HSCT, it is associated with considerable organ toxicity.
A low-dose TBI regimen combined with BU+MEL represents a promising conditioning regimen for R/R AML. In preliminary studies, 7 patients treated with this regimen successfully achieved hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Building on these results, a clinical study is planned to evaluate further the safety and efficacy of the TBI+BUMEL (IBM) conditioning regimen in relapsed/refractory AML, with a focus on improving engraftment rates, reducing relapse rates, minimizing GVHD incidence, and enhancing overall survival outcomes.
详细描述
The aim of this study is to observe the efficacy-related factors and adverse events of the TBI combined with BUMEL regimen as conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia .
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 14 Years 至 70 Years（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Age between 14 and 70 years (inclusive of the age limits);
- •Patients diagnosed with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML, meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 AML diagnostic criteria, must meet one of the following definitions:
- •Relapsed AML: Leukemic cells reappear in peripheral blood or bone marrow blasts >5% after achieving complete remission (CR, CRi) (excluding other causes such as bone marrow regeneration following consolidation chemotherapy), or extramedullary leukemic infiltration occurs.
- •Refractory AML:Initial cases that do not respond to two courses of standard treatment. Relapse within 12 months after consolidation therapy. Relapse after 12 months with no response to conventional chemotherapy. Two or more relapses. Persistent extramedullary leukemia.
- •Heart, liver, and kidney function must meet the following criteria:
- •Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3× the upper limit of normal (ULN); Total bilirubin ≤ 3× ULN; Serum creatinine ≤ 2× ULN or creatinine clearance ≥ 40 mL/min; Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as measured by echocardiography or multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan, must be within the normal range (>50%).
- •Availability of a suitable allogeneic donor;
- •Life expectancy of ≥3 months;
- •Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 60%, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2;
- •The patient understands the study protocol and voluntarily signs the informed consent form.
排除标准
- •Patients had serious adverse reactions to investigational drugs such as allergies;
- •Patients with a history of immunodeficiency, or other acquired or congenital diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, and a history of organ transplantation;
- •Patients with hypertension, ventricular arrhythmia requiring clinical intervention, acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, stroke, or other grade III or higher cardiovascular events within 6 months;
- •Patients received Class II or higher surgery within 4 weeks prior to enrollment;
- •Patient has an active and difficult-to-control infection, including but not limited to active fungal, bacterial, or viral infections that require systemic treatment, such as active HIV, hepatitis B or C;
- •Patient has active central nervous system leukemia infiltration;
- •Pregnant or lactating patients;
- •Patient is currently participating in another clinical studies;
- •Other conditions where the investigator deems the patient unsuitable for inclusion.
结局指标
主要结局
The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment
时间窗: on day 28±7 following HSCT
Neutrophil and platelet engraftment is defined as the first occurrence of 3 consecutive days with an absolute neutrophil count of at least 0.5×109/L and a platelet count of over 20×109/L for 7 consecutive days without transfusion support.
The time to reconstitution of hematopoiesis
时间窗: on day 28±7 following HSCT
recovery of hemopoietic function after treatment
The cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM)
时间窗: within 100 days following HSCT
Transplant-related mortality was defined as mortality due to any cause other than disease progression within 100 days of transplantation.
次要结局
- The cumulative incidence and grade of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)(within 1 year following HSCT)
- The cumulative incidence of relapse(within 1 year following HSCT)
- Overall survival rate(within 1 year following HSCT)
- The cumulative incidence of adverse events(within 1 year following HSCT)