The Acute, Synergistic Effects of Protein and Calcium on Appetite and Energy Intake
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- Northumbria University
- Enrollment
- 20
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Energy Intake
Study Overview
Brief Summary
High-protein meals have previously been shown to acutely reduce appetite and energy intake. More recently, meals higher in calcium have also been shown to increase feelings of fullness, circulating insulin and intestinal peptide concentrations and reduce appetite sensations.
This study aims to assess whether calcium and protein act synergistically to acutely influence appetite and energy intake.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 40 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Male or Female
- •BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2
- •Age: 18-40 years
Exclusion Criteria
- •Food allergies
- •Metabolic disorders (ie. type 2 diabetes)
Arms & Interventions
CONTROL
Control breakfast low in protein and calcium. Porridge-based breakfast.
Intervention: Porridge-based breakfast. (Dietary Supplement)
PROTEIN
High-protein breakfast.
Intervention: Protein (Dietary Supplement)
PROTEIN
High-protein breakfast.
Intervention: Porridge-based breakfast. (Dietary Supplement)
CALCIUM
High-calcium breakfast.
Intervention: Porridge-based breakfast. (Dietary Supplement)
PRO-CAL
High-protein and calcium breakfast.
Intervention: Protein (Dietary Supplement)
PRO-CAL
High-protein and calcium breakfast.
Intervention: Porridge-based breakfast. (Dietary Supplement)
PRO-CAL
High-protein and calcium breakfast.
Intervention: Calcium (Dietary Supplement)
CALCIUM
High-calcium breakfast.
Intervention: Calcium (Dietary Supplement)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Energy Intake
Time Frame: 60 min post test-meal
Energy intake will be assessed by ad libitum consumption of a homogenous pasta meal, 1 h after the test-meal.
Secondary Outcomes
- Subjective appetite sensations(1 hr)
- Insulin concentrations(1 hr)
- GLP-1 (7-36) concentrations(1 hr)
- GIP concentration(1 hr)
Investigators
Javier Gonzalez, PhD
Research Fellow
Northumbria University