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Metformin in Children With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Primary Brain Tumors
Solid Tumors
Interventions
Registration Number
NCT01528046
Lead Sponsor
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerability and safety of escalating doses of metformin on a backbone of vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT) in children with recurrent and refractory solid tumors.

Detailed Description

Metformin is an oral anti-diabetes medication that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent data from in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as epidemiologic retrospective analyses, suggest that metformin has anti-cancer activity. Vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide (VIT) is a combination of chemotherapeutic agents that have different mechanisms of action as well as disparate side effect profiles. Two recent phase 1 trials have demonstrated that this regimen is safe and well-tolerated in children with relapsed and refractory solid tumors.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
26
Inclusion Criteria
  • Age: Patients must be > 1 year of age and ≤ 18 years of age at time of initiation of protocol therapy.

  • Diagnosis: Patients have a histologically or radiographically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor or primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancy.

  • Disease Status: Patients must have radiographically measurable disease.

  • Therapeutic Options: Patients must have relapsed or refractory cancers for which there is no known curative option or other available therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life.

  • Performance Level: Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients older than 16 years old, and Lansky ≥ 50 for patients 1-16 years old.

  • Prior Therapy: Patients may have received prior therapy including vincristine, irinotecan, or temozolomide. Patients may not have previously been treated with combination therapy of irinotecan and temozolomide.

  • Patients must be fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study.

    • Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Patients must not have received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of starting protocol therapy, or a minimum of six weeks must have elapsed since prior nitrosurea chemotherapy.
    • Hematopoietic growth factor: At least 7 days must have elapsed since the last administration of filgrastim, or 14 days since administration of pegfilgrastim.
    • Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 7 must have elapsed since the last administration of any biologic agent.
    • Radiation therapy (XRT): At least 14 days since the last dose of local palliative radiation therapy. Greater than 6 months must have elapsed since the last day of treatment if given total body irradiation, craniospinal irradiation.
    • Autologous or Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant: Complete resolution of graft versus host disease and no current need for immunosuppressive medication. Greater than 3 months must have elapsed since engraftment and no longer requiring transfusion of platelets or injection of colony stimulating factors.
  • Organ Function Requirements

    • Bone Marrow Function: Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000/μL; Platelet count ≥ 100,000/μL (no platelet transfusion within 7 days prior to obtaining laboratory result); Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 gm/dL
    • Adequate Renal Function: Creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate ≥ 70ml/min/1.73m^2
    • Adequate Liver Function: Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age; alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 5x ULN; Serum albumin ≥ 2gm/dL
  • Informed Consent: All patients ≥ 18 years of age must sign a written informed consent. For patients < 18 years old, the patient's parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent, unless the patient is an emancipated minor. Childhood Assent, when age appropriate as per institutional guidelines, should be signed by the participating patient.

Exclusion Criteria
  • Significant organ dysfunction, not meeting inclusion criteria.

  • Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding woman will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies.

  • Concomitant Medications:

    • Growth factor: Growth factors that support platelet or white cell number of function must not have been administered within the past 7 days.
    • Steroids: Patients with CNS tumors who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of dexamethasone for the past 7 days.
    • Investigational Drugs: Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug.
    • Anti-cancer Agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents.
    • Medication Allergy: Allergy or intolerance to agents on this protocol: vincristine, irinotecan, temozolomide, or metformin; Allergy to cephalosporins.
    • Infection: Patients who have uncontrolled infection, positive blood cultures within the past 48 hours, or receiving treatment for Clostridium difficile infection.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SINGLE_GROUP
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Metformin in Combination with VITTemozolomideParticipants will receive metformin in combination with vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT).
Metformin in Combination with VITIrinotecanParticipants will receive metformin in combination with vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT).
Metformin in Combination with VITVincristineParticipants will receive metformin in combination with vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT).
Metformin in Combination with VITMetforminParticipants will receive metformin in combination with vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT).
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)Average of 3 Months

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of metformin when given in conjunction with VIT in children with refractory and relapsed solid tumors.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Number of Participants with Antitumor ActivityAverage of 3 Months

To evaluate the antitumor activity of the addition of metformin to VIT.

PharmacokineticsAverage of 3 Months

To describe the pharmacokinetics of metformin in children with relapsed malignancies receiving VIT combination chemotherapy.

PharmacodynamicsAverage of 3 Months

To define the pharmacodynamics of metformin.

Metformin ConcentrationsAverage of 3 Months

To determine tissue and tumor metformin concentrations in patients undergoing resection.

Trial Locations

Locations (14)

Primary Children's Medical Center/Utah

🇺🇸

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Nemours Children's Clinic

🇺🇸

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

🇺🇸

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Tampa General Hospital

🇺🇸

Tampa, Florida, United States

Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

🇺🇸

Tampa, Florida, United States

Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Nationwide Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Columbus, Ohio, United States

University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Miami, Florida, United States

University of Florida

🇺🇸

Gainesville, Florida, United States

Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Delaware

🇺🇸

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

The Children's Hospital at Montefiore

🇺🇸

Bronx, New York, United States

Connecticut Children's Medical Center

🇺🇸

Hartford, Connecticut, United States

University of Kentucky

🇺🇸

Lexington, Kentucky, United States

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