A Study to Test the Effectiveness of Different Interventions to Improve Physical Activity in Adults.

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Behavioral: Education
Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing
Behavioral: Wearable Fitness Trackers
Behavioral: Wearable Fitness Tracker+

Brief Summary: During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity (PA) engagement levels declined worldwide. Despite the overwhelming adoption of wearable fitness tracker (WFT) devices, it continues to be unclear as to their effect on PA engagement or PA motivation. Building on past research, we hypothesized that combining a WFT with a known impactful intervention, motivational interviewing (MI) would positively influence both self-determination theory (SDT) motivation and PA during an unprecedented global emergency.

A four-group randomized controlled study was conducted amongst 40 inactive adults over a 12-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. One group (WFT, n = 10) received a wearable fitness tracker, a second (MI, n=10) received bi-weekly MI sessions, a third (WFT+, n=10) received both, and a fourth (Education, n=10) received basic PA education. Outcome measures for motivation and PA were measured though an online survey before and after the 12-week period.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Females or males, aged 18 or older,
does not currently engage in 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week,
owns an Android, or iPhone smartphone device,
is willing to download a mobile app to be used on the smartphone device, 5) is willing to wear a small, wrist worn fitness tracker for the duration of the study, and 6) is be willing to attend 6 biweekly MI sessions over 12 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria

a history of myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery bypass surgery, congestive heart failure, or diabetes,
limiting conditions such as concurrent cancer treatment, peripheral artery disease, orthopedic injury, or pain limiting arthritis,
seeking to participate in other structured PA programs during the duration of the study,
pregnant at the initiation of the study or plans to become pregnant during the study, and
alcohol or other substance abuse within the previous 12 months.

Arm && Interventions

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Motivation From Baseline at 12 Weeks.	Baseline and at 12 weeks.	Changes in motivation for physical activity as described by the self-determination theory was assessed using the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, v3 (BREQ-3) and the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNS). The BREQ-3 uses four survey items per motivational subtype (Amotivation, External, Introjected, Identified, and Integrated Regulation, and Intrinsic Motivation). The BPNS uses three of four items per psychological need (Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness) The raw scores per subtype or need are averaged for one subtype and need score per participant. The scale ranges from 0 (does not apply to me) to 4 (applies to me very much). Therefore, subtype or need score closer to ) indicate low levels of that subtype whereas scores closer to 4 indicate higher levels of that subtype or need.
Change in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity From Baseline at 12 Weeks.	Baseline and at 12 weeks	Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) was assessed using five days (4 weekdays and 1 weekend day) of actigraphy (ActiGraph).
Change in Steps Per Day From Baseline at 12 Weeks.	Baseline and at 12 weeks	Steps per day was assessed using five days (4 weekdays and 1 weekend day) of actigraphy (ActiGraph).