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Current Practice of Ventilation Strategies in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia

Recruiting
Conditions
Mechanical Ventilation Complication
Perioperative/Postoperative Complications
Pediatric ALL
Pulmonary Complication
Registration Number
NCT06166706
Lead Sponsor
Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
Brief Summary

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common in children undergoing general anesthesia and are associated with prolonged stay in the hospital and high costs. Development of PPCs is associated with ventilator settings in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Data on perioperative ventilator settings in children are lacking, leaving the anaesthetist without guidance. Consequently, the current standard of care in perioperative mechanical ventilation in children is expected to be extremely heterogeneous, leading to ventilation with higher levels of energy than necessary. Therefore, it is highly necessary to evaluate the current practice in perioperative ventilation in children and to determine associations with PPCs.

Detailed Description

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common in children undergoing general anesthesia and are associated with prolonged stay in the hospital and high costs. Development of PPCs is associated with ventilator settings in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Data on perioperative ventilator settings in children are lacking, leaving the anaesthetist without guidance. Consequently, the current standard of care in perioperative mechanical ventilation in children is expected to be extremely heterogeneous, leading to ventilation with higher levels of energy than necessary. Therefore, it is highly necessary to evaluate the current practice in perioperative ventilation in children and to determine associations with PPCs.

Objective

The aims of this study are to:

* determine the incidence of PPCs in pediatric patients;

* describe the practice of ventilatory support in children undergoing general anesthesia;

* describe geo-economic differences/variations in ventilatory support and development of PPCs in children undergoing general anesthesia;

* identify potentially modifiable factors that have independent associations with development of PPCs, hospital length of stay and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admittance; and

* develop a risk score for the development of PPCs comparable to the ARISCAT score.

Study design Multicenter international observational cohort study. Study population Patients ≤16 years of age undergoing invasive ventilation for general anesthesia in the operating room.

Main study endpoints The primary endpoint is the incidence of PPCs. Secondary outcomes are the ventilator settings, ventilation parameters, length of hospital stay and PICU admittance.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
10000
Inclusion Criteria
  • aged ≤ 16 years;
  • undergoing general anesthesia
  • airway management with tube or LMA; and
  • connected to mechanical ventilator . minimum duration of procedure: 15 minutes
Exclusion Criteria
  • patients undergoing surgical procedures involving extra-corporal circulation;
  • patients receiving ventilation with high frequency jet ventilation or high frequency oscillatory ventilation;
  • sedation without airway management in the form of a endotracheal tube or a supraglottic airway device; and
  • (rigid) bronchoscopic procedures with maintenance of spontaneous ventilation.

Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Incidence of postoperative pulmonary complicationsfollow-up up to day 5 postoperative

incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in the first five postoperative days. Definition of postoperative pulmonary complications:

• Invasive mechanical ventilation after discharge from the operating room.

* respiratory failure defined as: PaO2 \< 8 kPa or SpO2\< 90% despite oxygen therapy, with a need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

* unplanned oxygen therapy, including humidified high flow nasal oxygen (oxygen administered due to PaO2\< 8 kPa or SpO2\< 90% in room air

* need for bronchodilators postoperatively in the PACU or at the ward;

* pneumonia;

* ARDS;

* pneumothorax.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
end-tidal carbondioxide (etCO2)15 minutes after incision

measured etCO2

postoperative end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)15 minutes after incision

level of PEEP

Peak inspiratory pressure or plateau pressure15 minutes after incision

Measured peak inspiratory or plateau pressure

Respiratory rate15 minutes after incision

set and actual respiratory rate

Compliance (Crs)15 minutes after incision

calculated compliance

Driving pressure15 mintues after incision

calculated driving pressure

Intraoperative complicationsduring surgery

intraoperative complications are defined as: oxygen desaturation (SpO2 \< 90%), hypercapnia (etCO2 \> 6.0), laryngospasm, bronchospasm, need for unplanned recruitment maneuvers, cardiac arrest.

Saturation (SpO2)15 mintues after incision

measured SpO2

Inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO2)15 minutes after incision

measured inspiratory O2 fraction

Level of pressure support above PEEP15 minutes after incision

Level of pressure support above PEEP, only in spontaneously breathing patients

Mechanical power15 minutes after incision

calculated mechanical power

Admittance to PICU or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)follow-up up to day 5 postoperative

planned and unplanned admission to PICU or NICU

type of ventilation mode15 minutes after incision

what type of ventilation mode is chosen

Tidal volume (Vt)15 minutes after incision

average of three subsequent expiratory tidal volumes. In case expiratory volumes are unavailable, inspiratory tidal volumes are used.

I:E ratio15 minutes after incision

I:E ratio or inspiratory time, measured in sec

Length of hospital stayfollow-up up to day 5 postoperative

total duration of stay in hospital, measured in days

Trial Locations

Locations (4)

Perth Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Perth, Australia

IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini

🇮🇹

Genoa, Italy

Amsterdam University Medical Centers

🇳🇱

Amsterdam, Please Select, Netherlands

Universitatsspital Bern

🇨🇭

Bern, Switzerland

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