Aronia and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

Interventions: Other: Aronia juice
Other: Low-fat diet
Other: Mediterranean diet

Brief Summary: Adults newly diagnosed with NAFLD will be included in the study. At the beginning of the research, the socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional habits of the individuals will be questioned with a face-to-face questionnaire. In addition, at the beginning of the study, blood samples, 3-day food consumption record, physical activity record, anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist, hip and neck circumference and body composition analysis) and stool samples will be taken from the patients. Oxidative stress (TAS, TOS, SOD, Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione, AGE and DNA oxidative damage) and inflammation (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-23, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-beta) parameters in blood samples will be analyzed. Patients will then be randomized into four groups to follow a Mediterranean diet supplemented with aronia, a Mediterranean diet, a low-fat diet supplemented with aronia, or a low-fat diet. Necessary training will be given to the participants so that they can apply the individually planned diet. Dietary adherence and anthropometric measurements will be evaluated every 2 weeks. At the end of the twelve-week follow-up, all parameters evaluated at the beginning of the study will be repeated and compared with previous values.

Detailed Description: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease in which more than 5% fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis). It has become the most common liver disease in adults with the effect of obesity. In fact, NAFLD is seen in approximately 25% of adults. If left untreated, it can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver failure. It is obvious that it is necessary to identify preventive factors for NAFLD and to develop new approaches for its treatment. There is an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress levels in NAFLD, which is important for the development of possible treatment methods. In this study, the Mediterranean diet supplemented with aronia is expected to contribute positively to progression of the disease by improving inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. Adding aronia to the Mediterranean diet will increase the polyphenol content of this diet. This study was planned with the thought that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with aronia will have positive effects on hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota in NAFLD, where lifestyle changes, including healthy nutrition, are included in the primary treatment.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Low-fat diet supplemented with aronia group	Aronia juice	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted low-fat diet will be created for individuals in this group. Also 100 mL/day of 100% aronia juice will be given.
Low-fat diet group	Low-fat diet	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted low-fat diet will be created for individuals in this group.
Mediterranean diet supplemented with aronia group	Mediterranean diet	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted Mediterranean diet will be created for individuals in this group. Also 100 mL/day of 100% aronia juice will be given.
Mediterranean diet group	Mediterranean diet	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted Mediterranean diet will be created for individuals in this group.
Mediterranean diet supplemented with aronia group	Aronia juice	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted Mediterranean diet will be created for individuals in this group. Also 100 mL/day of 100% aronia juice will be given.
Low-fat diet supplemented with aronia group	Low-fat diet	An individually planned nutrition program suitable for the energy-restricted low-fat diet will be created for individuals in this group. Also 100 mL/day of 100% aronia juice will be given.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Oxidative stress	Baseline and end of the 12th week	TAS, TOS, SOD, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione, AGE and DNA oxidative damage will be evaluated.
Microbiota analysis	Baseline and end of the 12th week	16s rRNA Gene Sequencing and Compositional Analyzes
Body composition analysis	Baseline, every 15 days and end of the 12th week	Body weight, height and body composition, waist, hip and neck circumference measurements
Inflammation	Baseline and end of the 12th week	CRP, TNF-alfa, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, TGF-β, LPS will be evaluated.
Degree of hepatic steatosis	Baseline and end of the 12th week	Evaluation of hepatic steatosis by liver ultrasonography

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method