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Ventilatory Management of the Preterm Neonate in the Delivery Room

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
Interventions
Procedure: Resuscitation of preterm neonates by sustained lung inflation through T piece device followed by CPAP
Procedure: Resuscitation of preterm neonates by intermittent bag and mask ventilation using self inflating bag.
Registration Number
NCT01255826
Lead Sponsor
Ain Shams University
Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sustained lung inflation followed by early nCPAP as delivery room ventilatory management for preterm neonates at risk of respiratory distress syndrome in reducing their need for mechanical ventilation and ameliorating lung injury without inducing adverse effects compared with intermittent bag and mask ventilation.

Detailed Description

Neonatal resuscitation provides lifesaving intervention that, if properly conducted, not only can reduce mortality but probably can significantly decrease subsequent morbidity.

Premature infants need appropriate respiratory support and a lung-protective strategy, starting from the delivery room where, on the contrary, an inadequate respiratory approach may influence pulmonary outcome.

Mechanical ventilation in the form of positive pressure ventilation has remained the mainstay of treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm babies. In recent years, a number of new ventilation strategies have been introduced but the problem of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been solved.

Sustained lung inflation (SLI) lead to a large increase in the tidal volume and the functional residual capacity(FCR) as this intervention may influence the clearance of lung fluids and allow a more even distribution of air throughout the lungs, thus facilitating the formation of FRC.

Nasal CPAP and early PEEP act through stabilization and subsequent recruitment of collapsed alveoli, increased FRC resulting in increased alveolar surface area for gas exchange and a decrease in intrapulmonary shunt .also it conserves endogenous surfactant.

Previous studies with promising results showed that a combination of sustained lung inflation and early nasal CPAP may be the most effective and least injurious way to recruit the lung in preterm neonates at birth.

This study will evaluate sustained lung inflation followed by early nCPAP as delivery room ventilatory management for preterm neonates at risk of respiratory distress syndrome in reducing their need for mechanical ventilation and ameliorating lung injury without inducing adverse effects compared with intermittent bag and mask ventilation.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
112
Inclusion Criteria
  • Preterm infants (gestational age < 34 weeks)
Exclusion Criteria
    1. Neonates with major congenital anomalies (congenital heart disease, neural tube defect, trisomy, etc.).

    2.Meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia and anterior abdominal wall defect.

    3.Maternal chorioamnionitis. 4.Neonates with gestational age < 26 weeks and /or birth weight less than 750 grams.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Sustained lung inflation followed by CPAPResuscitation of preterm neonates by sustained lung inflation through T piece device followed by CPAPSustained pressure-controlled inflation using a neonatal mask and a T-piece ventilator (NeoPuff Infant Resuscitator; Fisher \& Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand). This will be followed by early CPAP.
Conventional self inflating bag and mask ventilationResuscitation of preterm neonates by intermittent bag and mask ventilation using self inflating bag.Intermittent bag and mask ventilation using a self-inflating bag with an oxygen reservoir.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Need for mechanical ventilation for neonates on nCPAP28 days
Proportionate of neonates in each group who will need endotracheal intubation after failure of positive pressure ventilation through face mask in the delivery room.2 minutes
Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Pulmonary air leaks28 days
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).7 days
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).28 days
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): defined as oxygen requirements more than 28 days.28 days
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).28 days
Delivery room death or death during admission.28 days
Neonatal sepsis.28 days
Occurrence and duration of oxygen therapy.28 days
Length of NICU stay.28 days
Inflammatory mediators before and after resuscitation2 hours

Serum Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)will be measured both initial cord blood before any resuscitation is done and a second time two hours after resuscitation.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Gynecology and Obstetrics hospital, Ain-Shams University

🇪🇬

Cairo, Egypt

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