Production and Evaluation of an Evidence-based Health Awareness Video on Precautionary Measures Against Respiratory Infectious Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Public Transportation Drivers in Lebanon (HAV-RID Study)
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Sponsor
- Lebanese American University
- Enrollment
- 160
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Knowledge
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Health awareness videos are integral in disseminating knowledge about respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). The aim of this study is to produce and evaluate an evidence-based health awareness video on precautionary measures against respiratory infectious diseases among public transportation drivers in Lebanon. You will be asked to watch a newly produced health-awareness video, then we will test your knowledge about respiratory infectious diseases , health-risk perceptions, attitude towards vaccination, and cognitive dissonance. Public transportation drivers are eligible to enroll if they operate within the Lebanese public transportation system, regardless of their gender. A proportionate sample of drivers will be invited to enroll from various Lebanese regions. The experimental group (n=80) will watch a health-awareness video, whereas the control group (n=80) will watch a neutral video on traffic signs. Participants' knowledge about RID, health-risk perceptions, attitude towards vaccination, and cognitive dissonance will be evaluated. The trial study will be conducted in community settings where public transportation drivers are naturally present (transportation stations, parking lots). A written informed consent will be sought. Data will be electronically recorded. Data will remain anonymous during data entry/analyses. An incentive will be provided.
Detailed Description
Background: Health awareness videos are integral in disseminating knowledge about respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs), elevating health-risk perceptions, and enhancing attitudes towards precautionary measures, as per the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT).
Aim: The aim of this study is to produce and evaluate an evidence-based health awareness video on precautionary measures against RID among public transportation drivers in Lebanon.
Methods: This project will be conducted over three stages and executed over two fiscal years (start date March 2026).
Stage one: Drafting the script of the video is inspired by seven published / unpublished evidence-based studies on public transportation drivers in Lebanon and fourteen studies from international literature. This ensures the video content is evidence-based, culturally oriented, socially acceptable and tailored towards the target viewers.
Stage two: Using a Delphi technique, the script will be revised by a panel of eight experts in public health, infection control, psychology, filmmaking, and public transportation using two validated assessment tools, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and DISCERN. A purposive sampling method will be followed. Once consensus is reached, the video will be produced.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Public transportation drivers who operate within the Lebanese public transportation system, regardless of their nationality or gender.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Commercial drivers (trucks) or others who are not in a daily contact with commuters.
- •Drivers who are unwilling to enroll in the study or unable to comprehend written/verbal Arabic language will be excluded.
Arms & Interventions
Experimental group (n=80) will watch the health-awareness video
The experimental group will watch the newly produced health-awareness video. Using a Delphi technique, the script will be revised by a panel of experts in public health, infection control, psychology, filmmaking, and public transportation (drivers, users, stakeholders). Experts will evaluate the script using two validated assessment tools, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and DISCERN. Once consensus is reached, the video will be produced.
Intervention: Health awareness video on precautionary measures against respiratory infectious disease (Other)
control group will watch a neutral video
control group will watch a neutral video (raising awareness about traffic signs in Lebanon, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hb3107sylj0 )
Intervention: Health awareness video on precautionary measures against respiratory infectious disease (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Knowledge
Time Frame: 2 months
Knowledge about RID mode of transmission and prevention will be evaluated (Khoury and Salameh 2015, Choucair, El Sawda et al. 2021). The percentage mean of knowledge scores (PMS±SD) will be presented. Higher scores indicate better knowledge. This variable measures the effectiveness of the health awareness video.
Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool - Audiovisual (PEMAT-AV) and • DISCERN tool
Time Frame: 5 months
PEMAT-AV systematically evaluates the understandability and actionability of educational materials. Understandability is the viewers' ability to understand the video regardless of their diverse backgrounds and varying levels of health literacy. Actionability is the viewers' ability to identify what they can do based on the information presented in the video regardless of their background and level of health literacy. PEMAT produces separate numeric scores for understandability and actionability. DISCERN: to enable information providers to judge the quality of information about treatment choices. DISCERN facilitates the production of new, high quality, and evidence-based consumer health information. DISCERN became a reliable and valid instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information.
Health-risk perceptions
Time Frame: 2 months
Health-risk perceptions: participants' health-risk perceptions will be evaluated following two dimensions of the HBM that are the perceived susceptibility (2 items) and the perceived severity of RID (3 items) (Adams, Hall et al. 2014).
Attitude towards vaccination
Time Frame: 2 months
participants' attitude towards vaccination will be evaluated using three domains of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale: unexplored side effects of the vaccines (5 statements), pharmaceutical companies profiteering from vaccines (3 statements), and preferred reliance on natural immunity (3 statements). VAX is a generic tool that identifies people with negative attitudes towards vaccines (Martin and Petrie 2017).
Cognitive dissonance
Time Frame: 2 months
dissonance is a self-reported measure of the emotional discomfort experienced due to cognitive dissonance (Elliot and Devine 1994). Cognitive dissonance can be measured using the dissonance thermometer that constitutes of adjectives distributed across four indices (discomfort index, negative self-index, shame index, and positive index). All four subscales demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability, with the positive and negative affect scales exhibiting excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability (McGrath 2011). For this study, the discomfort index that constitutes of uncomfortable, uneasy, and bothered feelings will be used as adjective ratings (0 to 6). Higher score indicates an increased level of discomfort due to the effect of the video content.
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
Mahmoud Salam
Assistant Professor
Lebanese American University