Telehealth-based Strategies to Increase Oral Chemotherapeutic Agent Medication Adherence

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Medication Adherence

Interventions: Behavioral: Nurse Coach Intervention

Registration Number: NCT02543723

Lead Sponsor: East Carolina University

Brief Summary: Oral chemotherapeutic agents (OCAs) are increasingly being used as an alternative to traditional intravenous chemotherapy, and factors promoting this trend include increased survival times requiring long-term therapy, acceptability among patients, convenience, and cost savings due to reduced hospital time. Although OCAs are commonly preferred by patients, adherence to these medications vary. Suboptimal medication adherence leads to loss of treatment efficacy, increased toxicity, and increased health care costs. Thus, it is critical to develop and test interventions that effectively improve adherence to OCAs. Although the medication adherence literature has been criticized for methodological issues, some components of interventions have had promising results on adherence such as electronic monitored adherence feedback, cognitive-education, nurse-based interventions, and technology-based or telehealth strategies. The investigators propose to unify components of these effective approaches in a novel way to assess the efficacy and feasibility of two telehealth-based strategies (electronic medication-event monitoring with feedback and tailored nurse coaching which includes cognitive-education) in an effort increase OCA adherence among cancer patients who are at high-risk for non-adherence in rural eastern North Carolina.

Detailed Description: The purpose of this study is to improve cancer patient's adherence to their oral chemotherapy agents. We want to test whether a tailored nurse coaching intervention will significantly improve medication adherence as compared to a control group (standard-of-care). With strong support from our collaborators at the Vidant Cancer Care - Eddie and Jo Allison Smith Tower at Vidant Medical Center (VCC), study participants included cancer patients that were within their first two cycles of a new oral chemotherapy regimen at Vidant Medical Center/Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, which serves individuals throughout the 29 counties in rural eastern North Carolina (ENC).

Study Objectives:

Objective 1: To assess the barriers to, and facilitators of, adherence to oral chemotherapeutic agents among cancer patients who are at high-risk of non-adherence. Using the three-stage process of elicitation, intervention, and evaluation, we assessed factors that influenced non-adherence among this population. This formative qualitative assessment was accomplished by conducting interviews with English speaking cancer patients (N=25) and through key informant interviews/focus groups with cancer care providers (N=10). Objective 1 served as a baseline assessment to identify the unique factors that contribute to non-adherence and directly informed the development of tailored medication adherence strategies outlined in objective 2.

Objective 2. To test the effectiveness a telehealth adherence motivation strategy among cancer patients on oral chemotherapeutic agents who are at high-risk of non-adherence.

We conducted a randomized control trial study of 150 subjects where subjects were randomly assigned to control or intervention arm. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model of Adherence and the results of objective 1 guided this aim. Controls received the standard-of-care. The intervention arm received the standard-of-care and the nurse coach intervention. Specifically, we assessed whether a tailored nurse coaching intervention component will significantly improve medication adherence at higher rates as compared to the control group. The nurse coach intervention component involved individualized barriers/facilitators screening tool, educational tools, and regular contact with cancer patients via telephone calls across a six-month period. We hypothesize that the nurse-coach intervention would be effective at increasing medication adherence. This hypothesis is supported by existing medication adherence literature that suggests a tailored intervention using multiple adherence strategies can potentially have a significant impact on increasing medication adherence.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 128

Inclusion Criteria

New cycle or withing the first 3 cycles of OCAs
Ambulatory
Age 18 years or older
Able to consent for self
Able to read and speak English
Has a working cellphone or landline.

Exclusion Criteria

Life expectancy <3 months as determined by oncologist
Current participation in a similar study or in investigational drug trials where adverse effects have not been fully elucidated
Presence of significant psychiatric or cognitive impairments as determined by oncologists and study teams.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Nurse Coach Intervention	Nurse Coach Intervention	The nurse coach conducted an initial assessment with the participant and identified specific adherence strategies tailored to the participant's needs. The educational strategies include information about the patient's cancer treatment and expected outcomes; clear instructions about medication dosing schedule; what to do if a dose is missed or delayed; medication side effects and/or potential drug interactions; and review of cancer health literacy infographics. The behavioral skills and affective support strategies include coping strategies for side effects, skills for fitting medication regimen into daily routine, identifying a support network, communication skills for interacting with providers, and facilitating a positive perception for effective self-management experience. Patients received weekly phone calls from the nurse coach during the first month of the intervention, and then bi-monthly follow-up calls for the remainder of treatment or 6-month follow-up period.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Medication Adherence at Baseline and 6-month Follow-up Period	Baseline and at 6 months	The participant's cancer medication adherence was taken at baseline and within a 6-month follow-up period. We measured the participant's self-efficacy with medication adherence increase with their OCAs using the SEAMS scale. SEAMS Scale: 21 items scale, ranges from 21-63, higher scores indicate higher level of self-efficacy for medication adherence.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Health Literacy at Baseline and 6-month Follow-up Period	Baseline and at 6 months	We measured the participant's cancer health literacy at baseline and at 6 months via the CHLT-30. The CHLT-30 measures cancer health literacy along a continuum with 0-30 representing the number of correct answers provided to the items. Continuous scores provided by the CHLT-30 do not allow to determine who has limited health literacy or put people in a category, with higher scores indicating a higher degree of cancer health literacy.