Smoking Cessation After Hospitalization for a Cardiopulmonary Illness

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: Smoking-related cardiopulmonary diseases account for a large number of hospital admissions. We investigated the efficacy of hypnotherapy as an aid to a counseling-based smoking cessation program in improving quit rates of hospitalized smoking patients at 12 and 26 weeks after hospital discharge. We compared outcomes with hospitalized patients who received more conventional therapy, namely nicotine replacement therapy, or patients who decided to quit on their own. We also compared smoking cessation rates at 12 and 26 weeks after hospitalization among patients admitted with a cardiac or a pulmonary diagnosis.

Detailed Description: Hospitalized patients with a cardiopulmonary diagnosis who were contemplating quitting were recruited into 4 groups: Hypnotherapy, Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), both hypnotherapy and NRT, and self-quit group. All patients received self-help brochures and in-hospital counseling. Intervention groups received more extensive counseling, free NRT supply for a month and/or a 90 minute hypnotherapy session within 2 weeks of discharge. They also had follow up telephone counseling at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after discharge. 7 day prevalence of tobacco abstinence rates at 26 weeks after hospitalization were verified by self report and urinary Cotinine levels.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Terminal illness, history of Serious Psychiatric illness or substance abuse, Pregnancy, Cognitive or language barriers.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Hypnotherapy	hypnotherapy	Patients admitted with a cardiopulmonary illness received a 90 minute free hypnotherapy session within 2 weeks of discharge, and a standardized tape for smoking cessation and relaxation for continued use after the session. They also received self-help brochures, and counseling during hospitalization and by telephone at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after discharge.
Hypnotherapy and Nicotine replacement	hypnotherapy	The group received similar hypnotherapy session and tape, similar brochure and counseling protocol, as well as free nicotine replacement supplies for a month after discharge.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy	Nicotine	Patients recieved a free one month supply of Nicotine replacement therapy to include patches and Gum, lozenges or sprays. Patients also received self-help brochures, and counseling during hospitalization and by telephone at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after hospitalization.
Hypnotherapy and Nicotine replacement	Nicotine	The group received similar hypnotherapy session and tape, similar brochure and counseling protocol, as well as free nicotine replacement supplies for a month after discharge.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Abstinence From Smoking	at 26 weeks after hospitalization	Assessed by 7-day prevalence of verified tobacco abstinence at 26 weeks after hospitalization for a cardiopulmoanry illness. Verification was confirmed biochemically by urine Cotinine testing or by telephone and discussion with a household proxy. Patients lost to follow up were considered to be persistent smokers.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Smoking Abstinence Rate at 12 and 26 Weeks	12 weeks and 26 weeks after hospital discharge	Abstinence rates were calculated for patients hospitalized with a cardiac or a pulmonary diagnosis.
Smoking Cessation	at 12 weeks after hospitalization	Abstinence from smoking at 12 weeks after hospitalization was measured by self reported 7-day prevalence and verified urinary Cotinine test. This included participants in groups receiving hypnotherapy, NRT or both. Self quit group was not approached until 26 weeks after discharge. Patients lost to follow up were considered smokers.

Locations (1): North Shore Medical Center
🇺🇸
Salem, Massachusetts, United States