SIBTime: Media-enhanced Technology for Promoting the Behavioral Health and Family Relationships of Typically Developing Young Siblings

Child-Parent Relationship Scale - Short Form

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

The Child-Parent Relationship Scale - Short Form (CPRS-SF; Driscoll \& Pianta, 2011) is used to measure the degree of closeness and conflict in the parent-child relationship. The CPRS-SF is comprised of 15 parent-report items that ask the parent for their assessment of the child-parent relationship, the child's emotional stance toward the parent, and the parent's feelings toward the child. Items are answered on a 5-point "Definitely does not apply" to "Definitely applies" scale. Two subscales are derived: Conflicts and Positive Aspects/Closeness. Both subscales are measured by 7 items, which are averaged together; average scores range from 1 to 5. For the Conflicts subscale, higher scores indicate worse outcomes; for the Closeness subscale, higher scores indicate better outcomes. The CPRS-SF has been validated with parents of preschoolers and first graders, and shows good internal consistency with acceptable Cronbach alphas (.64-.84).

Parental Stress Scale

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

The Parental Stress Scale (PSS; Berry and Jones, 1995) is used to measure parents' stress level. The PSS is comprised of 18 items that ask about positive (emotional benefits, personal development) and negative (demands on resources, restrictions) themes of parenthood. Respondents answer on a 5-point Likert "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree" scale in terms of their typical relationship with their child(ren). Summed scores range from 18 to 90, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes. The PSS shows good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity (Berry \& Jones, 1995). It has been validated across cultures and languages (Louie, Cromer, \& Berry, 2017), with families of TD children, and with families of children with emotional/ behavioral problems, developmental disabilities (Berry \& Jones, 1995), and chronic health conditions (Zelman \& Ferro, 2018).

Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index - Toddler Scale

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

The Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index - Toddler Scale (SEPTI-TS; Coleman \& Karraker, 2003) is used to measure parents' self-efficacy for a broad range of parenting tasks involved in ensuring the wellbeing of the target TD child. Four subscales of the SEPTI will be used: Emotional Availability (7 items), Nurturance/Valuing/ Empathetic Responsiveness (8 items), Play (7 items), and Teaching (9 items). Items are answered on a 6-point Likert response scale (1= Agree strongly; 6=Disagree strongly); average scores range from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating lower self-efficacy (worse outcome). The SEPTI-TS shows good internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, and sensitivity to change.

Engagement in Target Activities with Child - Frequency Subscale

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

The frequency of parents' engagement in the parenting practices targeted by the intervention is measured via the Engagement in Target Activities with Child measure, Frequency subscale. Created for this study, these 22 items ask parents to report the frequency with which they have engaged in target parenting practices in the past month; parents report their frequency on a 7-point scale ("Never in the past month" to "6 or more times per day"). Averaged scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more frequent parental engagement in the target activities (better outcome).

Engagement in Program-Targeted Activities with Child - Parents' Self-Efficacy Subscale

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

Parents' self-efficacy for engaging in the parenting practices targeted by the intervention is measured via the Engagement in Target Activities with Child measure, Parents' Self-Efficacy subscale. Created for this study, these 22 items ask parents to rate how confident they are that they know how to do a series of parenting practices targeted by the program, on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = I don't know how to do this at all, 4 = I know how to do this very well). Averaged scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater parental self-efficacy that they know how to do the target activities (better outcome).

Parents' Rating of their Own Program-Targeted Behaviors

时间窗: Baseline and Week 9

Parents' perception of their TD child's engagement in program-targeted behaviors is measured with parents' rating on 4 child behaviors targeted by the program, and one item asking about the child's general adjustment to their sibling's disability/illness. Created for this study, 4 of the items ask parents to report the frequency with which their TD child has engaged in target behaviors in the past month; parents report their frequency on a 7-point scale ("Never in the past month" to "6 or more times per day"). Averaged scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more frequent child engagement in the target activities (better outcome). The 5th item asks parents how satisfied they are with how well their TD child is doing, as a sibling of a child with a disability or health concern. Parents respond on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 = Not at all satisfied and 10 = Very satisfied.