Incidence and Predictive Value of Bacterial Surinfections on In-hospital Mortality in COVID-19 ICU Patients: a Longitudinal Single-center Study

Approximately 5% of patients with respiratory impairment develop a severe form with acute respiratory failure and require specialized management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM) exposes ICU patients to a particular risk of a nosocomial infectious complication called ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In Europe, the incidence density is 18.3 VAP per 1000 days of IMV.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly spread worldwide (Liu). The mortality of critical ill patients with COVID-19 has been reported variously as low as 11% and as high as 61% (Liu). Since March 2020, several thousand people have been receiving IMV due to severe COVID-19.

Informal exchanges between clinicians regarding the current pandemic indicate a high frequency of VAP. Several factors may account for a higher incidence of VAP in the population hospitalized in the ICU for SARS CoV-2 infection (Blonz 2021):

• A longer ventilation period, leading to greater mechanical exposure to the risk of VAP.
• The frequency of comorbidities.
• The frequency of ARDS, which is associated with a higher incidence of VAP.
• A form of acquired immunosuppression related to SARS-CoV-2 infection,
• Organizational factors related to the fact that this is the first major pandemic in modern history

Aim The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of bacterial surinfections (sepsis, VAP and catheter infections) in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU from 13th of March 2020 until 17h of October 2020. In addition, the association of these infections with the dose of corticosteroids, the length of stay in ICU and in hospital, the presence of venous thromboembolism, the number of bacterial episodes, the different types of bacteria causing the infections and ICU mortality will be evaluated as well as the associations between the presences of thrombi and bacteremia/catheter sepsis.