Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of the Dubai Cares' WASH in School Initiative
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 10,308
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Absenteeism rate
研究概览
简要总结
This study will use longitudinal data collection to quantify the impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) program in Mali, West Africa, on pupil absenteeism, diarrheal illness, and respiratory illness.
Data will be collected from 100 intervention and 100 control schools across 4 regions in Mali. At each school research staff will randomly select 60 pupils in grades 3-6 (typically ages 7-14). Research staff will ask school directors to provide written consent for pupil participation in place of parents, a procedure that has been approved by the Malian Ministry of Education. Research staff will approach selected pupils at school to request informed oral assent for participation. The informed assent process and data collection will be conducted by local trained enumerators in the child's preferred language of French or Bambara. Oral rather than written assent was chosen due to varied literacy capabilities and to limit paperwork that identifies participants.
Data collection will take place at each school once every six to eight weeks during the duration of two school years. Research staff will conduct observations of school facilities, observations of handwashing behavior of children upon leaving latrines, and an interview with the school director about WASH conditions and school enrollment information. None of these school activities collect personal data or identifiers. Data collection with pupils will be done with the same pupils every 6-8 weeks and entails a 5-minute interview asking about recent absence and symptoms of diarrhea and respiratory illness.
All data collection will occur at the school, will be conducted by trained local enumerators, and will be stored on password-protected mobile data collection devices. Data will be uploaded to a password-protected server and will not contain personal identifying information. Enumerators will maintain a separate form that links pupil IDs with names, which will be kept confidential. There are no direct benefits other than contribution to general knowledge that will inform future school WASH projects. There are no risks to participation other than a small amount of class time missed by pupils, and great efforts will be made to minimize time outside of class.
详细描述
BACKGROUND AND SPECIFIC AIMS
Household-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) improvements have demonstrated reductions in diarrheal. However, there is little academically sound research on the impact of school-based programs. The small body of current evidence is promising; school-based WASH interventions have been associated with reductions in absenteeism, particularly among girls. School WASH programs have also demonstrated decreases in diarrheal disease and helminth reinfection rates among school children.
In 2010, a consortium between UNICEF, CARE Mali, Oxfam GB, WaterAid Mali and Save the Children was launched to implement WASH programming in over 700 primary schools across Mali under the Dubai Cares WASH in Schools Initiative (DC Mali Initiative). Core activities of the project include: installing or rehabilitating school water points, latrines and hygiene kits; promoting good WASH practices and behavior change at school and within the community; and establishing management systems to ensure sustained financing, monitoring and maintenance.
The specific aim of this study is to quantify the impact of the DC Mali Initiative on pupil learning and health. Using longitudinal data collection, investigators will assess absenteeism, diarrhea, and respiratory infections in 100 intervention schools and compare the results to those observed in 100 control schools.
DATA COLLECTION ACTIVITIES
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 6 Years 至 14 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Attendance in a school that was randomly sampled from either the list of schools participating in the Dubai Cares water, sanitation and hygiene program or a list of non-program schools of the same size and in the same geographic area as a program school.
- •In 3-6 grades
排除标准
- •Inability to understand basic questions asked in French or one of three common local languages
结局指标
主要结局
Absenteeism rate
时间窗: Every 6-8 weeks. Partcipants will be followed for 16 months (February 2013-June 2014)
This indicator measures whether a pupil is absent on the day of a study staff visit. An all-school roll call will be used to measure single-day absenteeism for all pupils in grades 1-6. This indicator is collected longitudinally over the course of the trial with a time point every 6-8 weeks. Investigators will compare rates in intervention and control groups. This outcome is not a change outcome or a single outcome. It is a rate, which is a count of events over a specified period of time. This outcome measures more than one time point.
次要结局
- 7-day period prevalence of respiratory infection(Longitudinal prevalence: Baseline and every 6-8 weeks. Participants will be followed for 16 months (February 2013-June 2014))
- Prevalence of blood antibodies for enteric and neglected tropical diseases(Once, between February and March 2014)
- 7-day period prevalence of absenteeism(Every 6-8 weeks. Participants will be followed for 16 months (February 2013-June 2014))
- 2- and 7-day period prevalence of diarrhea(Longitudinal prevalence: Baseline and every 6-8 weeks. Participants will be followed for 16 months (February 2013-June 2014))
研究者
Matthew Freeman, MPH, PhD
Principal Investigator
Emory University