Rheumatoid Arthritis and Myositis Cohort

Autoimmune diseases are together the third most common type of disease that affect individuals in the United States. In 2005 the National Institute of Health estimated that 23.5 million people have an autoimmune condition. Previously considered to be rare, epidemiological studies have shown that there are nearly 100 different autoimmune diseases. Examples include organ specific autoimmune disease such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), or Systematic Lupus Erythematosus, which reflects immunological dysfunction involving multiple organs. As the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases continue to rise, it creates a burden on individuals, their families, and society. The burden is noticeable through medical costs, diminished quality of life, and loss of productivity. The burden of this disease demands a comprehensive treatment that includes overall wellness.

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which together are referred to as the gut microbiome. Research in recent years has underlined that the microorganisms can influence varying physiological aspects such as the immune system, metabolism, and behavior. The microbiome has further been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In Systematic Lupus Erythematosus for example, modifications in the intestinal flora have been documented while changes in gut commensal and periodontal diseases have been brought forth as factors for consideration in the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Similarly, autoimmune diseases such as Systematic Sclerosis, Sjogren's Syndrome, and Anti-phospholipid Syndrome have been noted to share alterations in the gut microbiome.

Emerging research on the gut microbiome has demonstrated that diet plays a critical role in the make-up of gut microbiome and several experiments have shown that dietary modifications can prompt significant changes in the gut microbial composition. However, little is presently understood about the precise mechanisms and unique interactions between the gut microbiome, diet, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

To investigate the triangular link between a patient's diet, their microbiome, and their disease activity, the investigators are seeking to establish a registry to track patients with autoimmune disease diagnoses. Furthermore, the investigators are looking to track the changes in the microbiome, diet, and disease progression as patients are introduced and sustained on medication.