Comparison of pain response, skin injury, hemostasis time, and facial expression in newborns after heel puncture using an auto,ated puncture device and a laser puncture device.

The results verified the differences in the percentage of skin injury(erythema, edema, bruise, scar) according to the puncture method used. Significantly different scars were observed in one case(2.9%) with the laser puncture device and seven case(18.9%) with the automated puncture device at 3 minutes after the puncture(?²=4.52, p=.033). One case(2.9%) with the laser puncture device and 31 cases(83.78%) with the automated puncture device were significantly different(?²=46.77, p< .001) 24 hours after the puncture. The number of punctures showed a significant difference according to the puncture method(t=7.94, p<.001). The laser puncture device(2.41±1.05) showed a higher number of punctures than the automatic puncture device(1.03±0.16). Hemostasis with the laser puncture device(1.12±0.03) was significantly lower(t= 8.61, p<.001) than that with the automated puncture device(1.84 ±0.37). Correlations between anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness, and surprise in pain behavioral response and facial expression analysis were also conducted. Significant positive correlations were observed between pain behavioral responses and anger(r=.24, p=.045), disgust (r=.27, p=.023), fear(r=.29, p=.015), and sadness(r=.25, p=.017) in facial expression analysis. In addition, facial expression in the subcategory of pain behavioral response showed a significant positive correlation with anger(r=.12, p=.031). Crying a subcategory of pain behavioral response showed significant positive correlations with fear(r=.28, p=.019) and sadness(r=.26, p=.031) in facial expression analysis. Finally, no significant differences in pain behavioral responses(F=2.09, p= .153), heart rate(F=0.09, p=.760), and oxygen saturation(F= 0.15, p=.705) were observed according to the puncture method.