Risk Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes in Pharmacies
- Conditions
- Type2 Diabetes
- Interventions
- Other: Diabetes risk assessment service in Norwegian community pharmacies
- Registration Number
- NCT03979768
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Bergen
- Brief Summary
Background: Due to lack of clear symptoms, type 2 diabetes can remain undetected for many years. Our aim was to explore the capacity of Norwegian community pharmacies to identify people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and the impact of the risk assessment service on self-rated health.
Methods: Nineteen community pharmacies were randomly allocated to a diabetes risk test only- group or Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) -group were the participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes also received a HbA1c-measurement. Two pharmacists at each pharmacy were trained to perform risk assessments and counselling. The pharmacists at the 11 HbA1c pharmacies were also trained in how to perform the HbA1c- measurement. During six months, pharmacy customers equal or over 45 years old, wishing to participate contacted the pharmacy staff. Participants completed a validated diabetes risk test and a background questionnaire including a validated instrument for self-rated health. In the risk test only-group, participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes were referred to their general practitioner for follow-up, while in the HbA1c-group, participants with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/ mol (6.5%) were referred to their general practitioner.
- Detailed Description
Background: Due to lack of clear symptoms, type 2 diabetes can remain undetected for many years. Our aim was to explore the capacity of Norwegian community pharmacies to identify people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and the impact of the risk assessment service on self-rated health.
Methods: Nineteen community pharmacies were randomly allocated to a diabetes risk test only- group or Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) -group were the participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes also received a HbA1c-measurement. Two pharmacists at each pharmacy were trained to perform risk assessments and counselling. The pharmacists at the 11 HbA1c pharmacies were also trained in how to perform the HbA1c- measurement. During six months, pharmacy customers equal or above 45 years old, wishing to participate contacted the pharmacy staff. Participants completed a validated diabetes risk test and a background questionnaire including a validated instrument for self-rated health. In the risk test only-group, participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes were referred to their general practitioner for follow-up, while in the HbA1c-group, participants with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/ mol (6.5%) were referred to their general practitioner.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 368
- age equal to or above 45 years old (increased from 18 years in the feasibility study), and being able to read and write Norwegian/English.
- known diabetes, pregnancy and blood diseases that may affect measurement of Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description HbA1c-group /pharmacies Diabetes risk assessment service in Norwegian community pharmacies Offered a diabetes risk assessment service including a measurement of Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to the people with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes on the risk assessment form (The Finnish Diabetes Risc Score (FINDRISC) to those with a western background, and Leicester Risk Assessment (LRA) form for those with a non-western background. Risk Assessment Only pharmacies (RTO-group) Diabetes risk assessment service in Norwegian community pharmacies Offered a diabetes risk assessment service without any blood sample testing.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Number of Participants with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes 2 months Number of Participants with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Explore if there was any difference in the number of participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the risk test only (RTO)- group and the group that also offered a HbA1c-measurement (HbA1c-group) Baseline Find the number of participants with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes