ARrest RESpiraTory Failure From PNEUMONIA

Phase 3

Recruiting

• Conditions: Acute Respiratory Failure; Pneumonia; Hypoxemia; COVID-19 Pneumonia
• Interventions: Drug: Inhaled placebo; Drug: Inhaled budesonide and formoterol

• Registration Number: NCT04193878
• Lead Sponsor: Stanford University

Brief Summary

This research study seeks to establish the effectiveness of a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a beta agonist compared to placebo for the prevention of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in hospitalized patients with pneumonia and hypoxemia.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-12-03
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-12-09
• Study First Posted: 2019-12-10
• Study Start: 2020-06-01
• Status Verified: 2024-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-07-10
• Last Update Posted: 2024-07-12
• Primary Completion: 2025-07-01
• Study Completion: 2025-08-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 600

Inclusion Criteria

Patients 18 years or older with

Severe pneumonia defined as:

1. Hospitalization for acute (defined as ≤ 14 days) onset of symptoms (cough, sputum production, or dyspnea), AND 2. Radiographic evidence of pneumonia by chest radiograph or CT scan, AND 3. One of the following:

2. Evidence of systemic inflammation (temperature < 35◦C or > 38◦C OR WBC > or < upper or lower limits for site OR procalcitonin > 0.5 mcg/L), OR

3. Known current immunosuppression preventing inflammatory response, OR

4. High clinical suspicion of pneumonia with microbiologic confirmation of infection. Microbiologic confirmation will include a positive nasal swab for a known respiratory virus; a sputum culture growing a likely pathogenic organism plus moderate or greater WBCs (not required for immunocompromised patients); or a positive blood culture with a likely pathogenic organism - e.g., ¼ vials with S. Epidermidis would NOT qualify)

AND Hypoxemia defined as new requirement for daytime supplemental oxygen with SpO2 < 92% on room air, ≤ 96% on ≥ 2 L/min oxygen, or > 6L/min or non-invasive ventilation regardless of SpO2 at enrollment. Patients admitted with pneumonia but not meeting criteria for hypoxemia will be followed for up to 48 hours from ED admission to enrolling hospital to assess for development of qualifying hypoxemia.

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Exclusion Criteria

• Inability to randomize within 48 hours of presentation to enrolling hospital (randomization beyond 24 hours will be limited to patients with persistent hypoxemia defined by an SpO2 < 97% while on > 3L/min O2)

• Intubation (or impending intubation) prior to enrollment

  a. Patients receiving HFNC oxygen or NIV prior to enrollment are not excluded

• A condition requiring inhaled corticosteroids or beta-agonists (patients receiving inhaled beta-agonists in the ED without an established indication will be eligible if treating clinician is willing to discontinue subsequent treatments)

• Chronic systemic steroid therapy equivalent to >10 mg prednisone

• COVID-19 positive patients receiving > 6 mg dexamethasone (40 mg prednisone equivalent dose) except for stress dose steroids for septic shock

• Non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients receiving systemic steroid > 10 mg prednisone except for stress dose steroids for septic shock

• Chronic lung or neuromuscular disease requiring daytime oxygen or mechanical ventilation other than for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or obesity hypoventilation syndrome

• Not anticipated to survive > 48 hours or not expected to require > 48 hours of hospitalization

• Contraindication or allergy to inhaled corticosteroids or beta-agonists

• Patients with heart rate > 130 bpm, ventricular tachycardia or new supraventricular tachycardia within last 4 hours will be potentially eligible for enrollment after the condition has resolved

• Patients with K+ < 3.0 will be potentially eligible for enrollment after the condition has resolved

• Patient not committed to full support other than intubation or resuscitation (i.e., DNR/DNI status allowed)

• Pregnancy

• Incarcerated individual

• Physician refusal of consent to protocol

• Patient/surrogate refusal of consent to protocol

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Placebo	Inhaled placebo	4 ml aerosolized 0.9% saline every 12 hours x 10 doses
Intervention	Inhaled budesonide and formoterol	aerosolized formoterol (20 mcg/2 ml) and budesonide (1.0 mg/2 ml) every 12 hours x 10 doses

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Acute respiratory failure (ARF)	within 7 days of randomization	High flow nasal cannula (HFNC \>=20L/mon O2) and/or Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use for greater than 36 hours OR Invasive mechanical ventilation for greater than 36 hours OR Death in a patient placed on respiratory support (HFNC, NIV, ventilator) who dies before 36 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Oxygen failure free days to day 28	Until Day 28
Hospital length of stay	within 60 days of randomization
Proportion of patients intubated for respiratory failure	Within 7 days of randomization
Duration of need for supplemental oxygen	within 30 days of randomization
Progression to systemic steroid therapy for pneumonia	during course of the study

Trial Locations

Locations (12)

University of Alabama Birmingham - Main & Highlands; 🇺🇸 Birmingham, Alabama, United States

University of Arizona - Main & South Campus; 🇺🇸 Tucson, Arizona, United States

Mayo Clinic - Jacksonville; 🇺🇸 Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Stanford University; 🇺🇸 Palo Alto, California, United States

University of Maryland; 🇺🇸 Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Johns Hopkins University - Main Campus & Bayview; 🇺🇸 Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Mayo Clinic - Rochester; 🇺🇸 Rochester, Minnesota, United States

New York University - Langone Health; 🇺🇸 New York, New York, United States

Temple University; 🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Mayo Clinic - Scottsdale; 🇺🇸 Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

University of Florida; 🇺🇸 Gainesville, Florida, United States

Tulane University - Main & BUMC; 🇺🇸 New Orleans, Louisiana, United States