Protocol for the Treatment of Patients With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: Fludarabine
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Rituximab

Registration Number: NCT00280241

Lead Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh

Brief Summary: This research study will look at the effects (good or bad) of administering cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and rituximab. Clinical studies with combination therapy have shown higher response rates than using single drugs, and this study will evaluate the side effects and effectiveness of this combination.

Detailed Description: This study is designed to expand on the highly successful combination of rituximab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for patients with previously untreated CLL. Responses in the range of 90-98% with 55% complete responses are reported. However, bone marrow toxicity has been a significant problem. This trial is designed to reduce the bone marrow toxicity by decreasing the doses of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, but doubling the dose of rituximab with a maintenance dose of rituximab for up to two years, to maintain or even enhance efficacy.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 65

Inclusion Criteria

Diagnosis of CD20 + CLL
Peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count of > 5,000/mm3 obtained within 2 weeks prior to randomization.
The lymphocytosis must consist of small to moderate size lymphocytes, with ≤55% (no greater than 55%) prolymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, or lymphoblasts morphologically.
Phenotypically characterized CD20 + CLL defined as: 1) the predominant population of cells share B-cell antigens with CD5 in the absence of other pan-T-celI markers (CD3, CD2, etc.); 2) B-cell expresses either kappa or lambda light chains; and 3) surface immunoglobulin (slg) with low-cell surface density expression.
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly or lymphadenopathy are not required for the diagnosis of CLL.
Must require chemotherapy. Indications for chemotherapy are one or more of the following:
One or more of the following disease-related symptoms
Weight loss >10% within the previous 6 months.
Fevers of greater than 100.0° F for 2 weeks without evidence of infection.
Night sweats without evidence of infection.
Evidence of progressive marrow failure as manifested by the development of or worsening of anemia (< 10 g/dl) and/or thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/mm3).
Massive (i.e., > 6 cm below left costal margin) or progressive splenomegaly.
Massive nodes or clusters (i.e., > 10 cm in longest diameter) or progressive
adenopathy.
Progressive lymphocytosis with an increase of> 50% over 2 month period, or an anticipated doubling time of less than 6 months.
NOTE: Marked hypogammaglobulinemia or the development of a monoclonal protein in the absence of any of the above criteria for active disease are not sufficient for protocol therapy.
Serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl.
Bilirubin must be <2 mg/dl, unless secondary to tumor, obtained within 2 weeks prior to randomization.
Age >18 years.
Not pregnant (confirmed by serum pregnancy test in females of reproductive potential) or breast feeding, because it is unknown what effect these drugs will have on children.
ECOG performance status 0-2.
AST or ATL >2x upper limit of normal unless related to CLL.
Subject has provided written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria:

Subjects with autoimmune anemia or thrombocytopenia are not eligible.
No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. Patients with a history of steroid treatment for CLL, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or autoimmune thrombocytopenia are not eligible.
Subjects with active infections requiring oral or intravenous antibiotics until resolution of the infection and completion of therapeutic antibiotics.
Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males who refuse to use an accepted and effective method of contraception.
Subjects with a second malignancy other than basal cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ carcinoma of the cervix are not eligible unless the tumor was treated with curative intent at least two years previously.
History of HIV
CNS disease
History of psychiatric disorder that would make it difficult to enroll and follow the patient on trial.
New York Heart Classification III or IV heart disease.
Hepatitis BsAg or Hepatitis C positive.

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
FLUDARABINE, CYCLOSPHOSPHAMIDE AND RITUXIMAB	Rituximab	-
FLUDARABINE, CYCLOSPHOSPHAMIDE AND RITUXIMAB	Fludarabine	-
FLUDARABINE, CYCLOSPHOSPHAMIDE AND RITUXIMAB	Cyclophosphamide	-

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Tolerability of Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine in Patients With Previously Untreated CLL/SLL	Duration of treatment on study	The number of patients who experience any grade 3-5 toxicity.
Efficacy of Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine in Patients With Previously Untreated CLL/SLL	Three months after the sixth cycle (9 months)	The number of patients who experience a complete clinical response.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Duration of Response	From complete response to the time of progressive disease, death or last clinical examination	The length of time for which the complete response is maintained.
Overall Survival Rate	Five years after starting rituximab, cyclophosphamide and fludarabine	The percentage of participants who are still alive.