Self-esteem and oral health related quality of life among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and may negatively influence oral health–related quality of life (OHRQOL). Oral health is an essential component of general health and well-being, enabling individuals to eat, speak, and socialize without discomfort or embarrassment. In recent years, the concept of OHRQOL has gained importance as it reflects not only the absence of disease but also the physical, psychological, and social impacts of oral conditions on daily life.

OHRQOL is a multidimensional construct influenced by functional limitation, pain and discomfort, psychological well-being, social interaction, and self-esteem. Self-esteem is a vital personal attribute that contributes to overall quality of life and health-related behaviors. Individuals with higher self-esteem tend to report better perceived oral health and are more likely to engage in positive oral hygiene practices.

Pregnancy is a unique physiological and emotional period during which oral health problems may have significant effects on physical, mental, and social well-being. Despite increasing awareness of oral health during pregnancy, limited evidence exists on the relationship between periodontal disease, self-esteem, and OHRQOL in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aims to assess the association between periodontal status, self-esteem, and oral health–related quality of life among pregnant women.