Clinical and Microbiological of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: a Double-blind Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy

Seven days prior to the non-surgical periodontal therapy, periapical radiographs will be taken from the whole mouth of all patients. They will be set in an oral hygiene program (OHP) according to their specific needs. In this program, patients will be instructed about an effective self-performed plaque control, including information about the Bass Technique (Bass, 1954) and interproximal cleaning with dental floss and interdental brushes. They will be also motivated to brush the dorsal surface of the tongue once a day and will receive a dentifrice that shall be used throughout the experimental period (Colgate Total®, Anakol Ind. Com Ltda - Brazil's Kolynos - Colgate Palmolive Co., Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil). After the OHP, subjects will undergo the assessment of clinical periodontal parameters previously described and the collection of subgingival plaque and GCF in selected sites (baseline) will be performed. Shortly, patients will receive supragingival scaling and coronal polishing with prophy cup on all the teeth present in the oral cavity. The non-surgical periodontal therapy will initiate 7 days after the OHP and initial supragingival scaling. Within 24 hours, a specialist in Periodontics will perform supra and subgingival scaling and root planing of all teeth with periodontal involvement, using hand (Gracey Curettes, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) and ultrasonic instruments. The instrumentation will be performed on each quadrant until achievement of an adequate cleaning and root planing, which will be verified with a dental explorer. Individuals will receive professional prophylaxis biweekly during three months after the end of the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. On biweekly follow-up visits, patient's cooperation will be monitored by verifying the status of oral hygiene.

Surgical Periodontal Therapy

The flap operations are performed 8 weeks after the start of the basic preparation. Patients will be monitored clinically and sites that present PS ≥ 5mm and SS presence will undergo surgical therapy scraping retail. Surgical procedures will be performed by a specialist in Periodontics. Initially patients will be subjected to extra-oral antisepsis with chlorhexidine 2% and intraoral through mouthwash with chlorhexidine 0.12%. The region to be operated infiltrative receive local anesthesia with lidocaine 2% solution, and 1: 100,000 epinephrine. The following will be performed intra-sulcular incision with a scalpel blade at 15C covering the site with PS ≥ 5mm and the adjacent teeth. A mucoperiosteal flap will be performed until the exposure of the bone crest and subgingival deposits of calculation and / or granulation tissue are removed by conventional Gracey curettes with RAR and Mini Five, numbers 5/6, 7/8, and 11/12 13/14 (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) and ultrasonic devices. Shortly after completion of the RAR starts to tfdA the operated region in the selected adjuvant therapy for this group. Completed therapy, the flap will be positioned in the same place of origin and stabilized with simple sutures through wire Vicryl 5-0. In order to avoid painful symptoms will be prescribed analgesics (Paracetamol 750mg, 01 tablet every 6 hours for 48 hours). They will also be prescribed soft oral rinses with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2 times a day for 14 days. The sutures are removed after 7 days. Being performed weekly supragingival plaque control in the first month and monthly until completing 3 after surgical intervention months.

Antimicrobial photodynamic Therapy