Effects of Different Exercises on Energy Metabolism and Muscle Activation in Normal-Weight and Overweight Students
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 38
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
研究概览
简要总结
This clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of different exercise modalities on energy metabolism and muscle activation in both normal-weight and overweight university students.
The main question it aims to answer is:
Compared to normal-weight university students, does slow jogging at different step frequencies reduce body weight and increase energy expenditure (and metabolic rate) in overweight university students? Compared to normal-weight university students, does slow jogging at different step frequencies enhance muscle activation effects in overweight university students?
Researchers will compare three distinct step frequencies during slow jogging (162, 180, and 198 steps per minute) to determine which exercise modality is potentially more effective for increasing energy expenditure and metabolic rate.
Participants will:
Participants will sequentially undergo three separate testing sessions, each involving ultra-slow running at one of the three step frequencies (162, 180, or 198 steps per minute).
Testing sessions will occur once per week in the laboratory.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 23 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Aged 18 to 23 years old;
- •BMI between 24.0 kg/m² and 27.9 kg/m² ;
- •No participation in any structured weight loss or weight control interventions (including exercise programs, pharmacological agents, or dietary regimens) within the preceding three months;
- •Cleared for exercise participation with no identified risks, as determined by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q);
- •Willing and able to comply fully with the experimental protocol, including completion of all training sessions and required measurements;
- •Provision of written informed consent.
排除标准
- •History of psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, anemia, or any other contraindications to exercise (e.g., dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath);
- •Immune dysfunction or severe hepatic or renal insufficiency;
- •Unhealthy habits, such as regular smoking or excessive alcohol consumption;
- •Current use of prescription medication (excluding contraceptives or incidental short-term medications, if specified and approved by the study investigators);
- •Coagulation disorders or a significant bleeding tendency.
- •Withdrawal and Termination Criteria:
- •Voluntary withdrawal from the study or discontinuation for any other reason;
- •Poor compliance, defined as failure to follow instructions or complete assigned tasks as required by the protocol;
- •Experiencing severe exercise intolerance or adverse reactions to the intervention.
研究组 & 干预措施
Step frequency group 1
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 1
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 1
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 2
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 2
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 2
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 162 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 3
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order: First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 3
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order: First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 3
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order: First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 198 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 4
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 4
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 4
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 180 steps per minute; Second test: 198 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 5
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 5
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 5
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 162 steps per minute; Third test: 180 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 6
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 162 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 6
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 180 step frequency (Behavioral)
Step frequency group 6
Participants will receive step frequency in the following order:
First test: 198 steps per minute; Second test: 180 steps per minute; Third test: 162 steps per minute.
干预措施: 198 step frequency (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
时间窗: Baseline
Subjects abstained from strenuous activity, substances (medication/alcohol/caffeine), and smoking 24h pre-test; females avoided menstruation. Post 12h fast/sleep, subjects rested seated 15min. Resting HR measured (Polar RS400). Subjects fitted with cardiopulmonary telemetry (Cortex Metamax 3B), positioned supine. Maintained steady breathing, upward gaze, minimal movement. HR/V̇O₂ monitored until stabilization. 10min data collection; steady state = \<5% V̇O₂ fluctuation over 5min.
Energy Expenditure at Step Frequencies
时间窗: through study completion, an average of 4 weeks
Telemetry/HR monitor worn for 3min warm-up. First test: 10min treadmill run (5 km/h) with HR/V̇O₂ recording. Two subsequent sessions followed. Randomized crossover prevented order effects: subjects drew lots for step frequency sequence (162, 180, 198 steps/min). Metronome ensured adherence.
Heart rate
时间窗: through study completion, an average of 4 weeks
Upon entering the laboratory, subjects wore a heart rate telemetry monitor (RS400 Polar, Finland) and rested seated for 15 minutes to obtain resting heart rate. Following warm-up, subjects commenced testing. A heart rate monitor was secured on the right wrist pre-exercise to continuously monitor heart rate during activity.
Electromyographic indicators
时间窗: through study completion, an average of 4 weeks
Wireless surface EMG data were acquired using the Trigno system (Delsys®, USA) at 2000 Hz. Electrodes were positioned at the mid-belly of each muscle parallel to the muscle fiber orientation. Signals were recorded from the:Biceps femoris、Rectus femoris、Tibialis anterior、Lateral gastrocnemius、Medial gastrocnemius. EMGworks Analysis® software (Delsys) processed raw signals.
次要结局
- Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)(through study completion, an average of 4 weeks)
- Fat Oxidation(through study completion, an average of 4 weeks)
- Carbohydrate Oxidation(through study completion, an average of 4 weeks)
- RPE(through study completion, an average of 4 weeks)
研究者
Haiwei Li
Professor
Shanxi Normal University