Comparative evaluation of Reproductive Outcomes between Ovulatory (Natural and modified Natural) cycle and Hormone-replacement therapy cycle for frozen-thawed embryo transfers

The accumulated evidence suggests that while reproductive outcomes such as implantation and live birth may appear similar in earlier studies, recent high-quality RCTs and prospective cohorts show an advantage of natural cycle approaches over HRT in ovulatory women. Importantly, obstetric outcomes — particularly hypertensive disorders and placental complications — appear worse in programmed cycles, plausibly due to the absence of corpus luteum. Indian data remain limited and largely retrospective, highlighting a critical gap. A prospective observational study comparing NC and HRT cycles in Indian eumenorrhoeic women, with systematic assessment of reproductive and obstetric outcomes, will therefore provide valuable insights and help tailor ART practices to the local population.