Effects of Coordinative Exercise on Physical Fitness, Motor Competence, and Inhibitory Control in Preschoolers
- Conditions
- Motor SkillsInhibitory ControlPhysical Fitness
- Interventions
- Other: Coordinative exercise protocol
- Registration Number
- NCT06631248
- Lead Sponsor
- Namik Kemal University
- Brief Summary
The goal of this study was to determine whether a structured coordinative exercise program could improve physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control in preschool children. The main questions it aimed to answer were:
Does the exercise program improve children's physical fitness (agility, balance, vertical jump)? Does it enhance motor competence, particularly hand-eye coordination and balance? Does it affect inhibitory control, a key component of cognitive function? Researchers compared children who participated in an 8-week exercise program to those who followed their regular school activities.
Participants:
Took part in two 30-minute exercise sessions per week for 8 weeks Were assessed before and after the intervention on physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control The study found significant improvements in physical fitness and motor competence, but no significant changes in inhibitory control.
- Detailed Description
Scope and Content of the Study
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured coordinative exercise protocol aimed at improving physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control in preschool children. Early childhood is considered a critical period for both physical and cognitive development. During this phase, enhancing motor skills and physical fitness forms a crucial foundation for long-term health, social adaptation, and academic success. However, these developmental opportunities may be missed if children do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity. In this context, the study sought to investigate the effects of exercise interventions that support both motor and cognitive skills in preschool-aged children.
The main goal of the study was to examine how coordinative exercises improve physical fitness and motor competence in preschool children. Additionally, the study explored the impact of these exercises on inhibitory control, a cognitive skill related to attention and impulse control. Inhibitory control is especially important during the preschool years, as it directly affects children\'s learning processes and social interactions, serving as a key component of executive functions.
Research Protocol and Exercise Intervention
This study was conducted with 41 children, who were randomly assigned to two groups: an exercise group and a control group. The exercise group participated in an 8-week program, consisting of 30-minute sessions twice a week. The program was designed to improve various motor skills such as balance, hand-eye coordination, jumping, and locomotor abilities through play-based activities. The control group continued with their regular school curriculum without additional physical activity interventions.
The exercise protocol included open-ended tasks that progressively moved from simple to complex, requiring movement planning. These play-based exercises aimed to create an engaging and active environment in which children could participate socially. The coordinative exercises focused on supporting a wide range of motor movements and control mechanisms, encouraging the coordination of different body components in harmony.
Assessed Parameters
In the study, children\'s physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control were assessed both before and after the intervention:
Physical fitness was measured through tests of balance, agility, and vertical jumping.
Motor competence was evaluated using the KTK3+ test battery, which includes tasks such as hand-eye coordination, balancing, and jumping sideways.
Inhibitory control was measured using the Go/No-Go test from the Early Years Toolbox, assessing how well children manage attention and control impulses.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 41
- Typically developing children
- Participants must not be taking medication
- Must not have any cardiovascular, neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric disease
- Must be between 5-6 years of age
- Having any cardiovascular, neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric disease
- Having intellectual disability
- Not being between 5-6 years old
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Coordinative exercise protocol Coordinative exercise protocol coordinative exercise group
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Backward Balancing (number of repetitions) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Backward balancing is a component of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) motor competence test battery. This test measures the ability to maintain balance while moving backwards on a balance beam.
Unit of Measurement: number of repetitions (number of backward steps).Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Move Sideways (Number of repetitions within 20 seconds) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Move Sideways, is a component of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) motor competence test battery. This test evaluates the ability to perform coordinated sideways movements.
Unit of Measurement: Repetitions (Number of repetitions within 20 seconds).Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Jumping Sideways (Number of repetitions within 15 seconds) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. jumping sideways is a component of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) motor competence test battery. This test measures the ability to perform coordinated sideways jumps.
Unit of Measurement: Repetitions (number of repetitions within 15 seconds)Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Eye-Hand Coordination Task (Number of repetitions within 30 seconds) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Eye-Hand Coordination is a component of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) motor competence test battery. This task measures the ability to coordinate visual input with manual responses. It is a measurement method that involves throwing a tennis ball against a wall from a certain distance and holding it with the other hand.
Unit of Measurement: Number of correct repetitions in 30 seconds.Changes in Counter Movement Jump Performance, (Highest jump height (cm)) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Counter Movement Jump Performance was assessed using an accelerometer system (IVMES Athlete, Ankara, Turkey).
Unit of Measurement: Centimeter (cm) - Highest jump heightChanges in Balance Performance - Static Balance (%) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Balance performance was assessed with a static balance task using a movable platform (Sensbalance MiniBoard; Sensamove®, Utrecht, The Netherlands) that can be connected to a computer.
Unit of Measurement: Automatically calculated scores in % were used.Changes in Balance Performance - Dynamic Balance (%) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Balance performance was assessed with a dynamic balance task using a moving platform (Sensbalance MiniBoard; Sensamove®, Utrecht, The Netherlands) that can be connected to a computer.
Unit of Measurement: Automatically calculated scores in % were used.Changes in Agility (time to complete the test - in seconds) before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. It was evaluated using the Pro-Agility Test. Unit of Measurement: Seconds (s) - Time to complete the test
Changes in Inhibitory Control before and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Inhibitory control was assessed using the Go/No-Go test in the Early Years Toolbox, which measures the ability to suppress inappropriate responses.
Unit of Measurement: Number of Correct Responses and reaction time of the number of correct responses (ms).
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Sports Sciences Research and Development Centre
🇹🇷Tekirdag, Suleymanpasa, Turkey