Eficacia de Una intervención Multicomponente e Interdisciplinaria Sobre la Habilidad de Cuidado y Sobrecarga de Cuidadores Familiares de Personas Con Enfermedades crónicas Cardiocerebrovasculares

In Colombia it is anticipated that demographic changes will have the effect of increasing the number of older adults who will require care by families, accompanied by a greater demand for institutional care services, due to the prevalence and confluence of various chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in this age group, where cardiocerebrovascular diseases especially stand out, which can additionally generate functional sequelae in the patient at a physical and cognitive level. The presence of specifically cardiocerebrovascular CNCD compromises the sick person and their family caregiver, who assumes this function within the home without receiving any type of economic remuneration, training, social support or any type of additional service offered by the system to cope with this role. Taking great importance the ability to care on the part of the caregivers of these people and its impact on their survival and on the management of the disease. Additionally, the events that frame the care of a person with NCD, added to the demand for direct care and the lack of social support, can trigger the family caregiver to present overload. Therefore, it is essential to create and implement interventions that promote the caregiving ability of family caregivers, from different approaches and perspectives, so that a multicomponent and interdisciplinary intervention becomes essential in this process.

To determine the efficacy of a multicomponent and interdisciplinary intervention in B-Learning modality and a clinical simulation component on the ability to care and the burden on family caregivers of people with chronic cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in a condition of disability, of home care programs and home hospitalization in the cities of Bogotá and Bucaramanga.

Method: a study with an experimental design type double-blind controlled clinical trial (blinding of the people in charge of both initial and final measurements, and of those who perform the data analysis), with a mixed approach (QUAN + qual), with a group intervention and a control group. The study will be carried out in the cities of Bogotá and Bucaramanga. For the collection of the information, the characterization format of sociodemographic and clinical variables will be used for family caregivers and people in their care, the Ngozi Nkongho care skill instrument and the Zarit care burden instrument, mainly. Similarly, participant observation will be carried out in face-to-face workshops where the body dimension is addressed as a means for the recognition of family caregivers, their abilities and achievements. Likewise, focus groups will be held at the end of each workshop with the caregivers who wish to participate, until the theoretical saturation is achieved. The analysis of quantitative data will include descriptive statistics, inferential analysis, and a repeated measures ANOVA to assess the intragroup and intergroup effects of the response variables. The analysis of the qualitative data will be carried out using content analysis techniques (coding) and grounded theory (open and axial coding), and then carry out a data triagulation within the method (qualitative), to complement the understanding of the phenomenon. study and as validation. Finally, a methodological triangulation (between methods) will be carried out based on the general objective of the study.