Evaluation of Chlorhexidine Gel Associated with Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetics

Periodontal disease is a polymicrobial inflammatory condition caused by infection of periodontal tissues resulting from the accumulation of bacterial biofilm, which can result in the progressive loss of the conjunctival attachment and alveolar bone. The destructive nature of diseases and their progression depend on the composition of the supra and subgingival biofilm. In response to the imbalance between host and microorganisms, the host can respond to biofilm products by generating periodontal infection. This process can result in the production of enzymes and other endogenous mediators of the inflammatory response, being responsible for much of the tissue destruction observed through clinical and histopathological parameters.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy, performed using the conventional method, tooth scaling and root planing, represents a prerequisite for the control of periodontal infections and, in most cases, is sufficient to restore periodontal health. However, some factors may be present and associated with the failure of mechanical therapy, which may be related to failure to eliminate pathogens, due to difficulty in accessing the scalers to the base of the periodontal pocket, root anatomical variations, or systemic factors that modify the response. of the host.

An important risk factor for periodontal disease is diabetes. It affects oral health and may be one of the causes for the increase in cases of tooth loss. The risk of diabetic participants having periodontitis is approximately three times greater than that of healthy participants. Diabetes can trigger an increase in the inflammatory response to the oral microbiota and can impair the host's immune response, thereby creating advanced conditions for the development and worsening of periodontal diseases in predisposed participants. At the same time, periodontitis is responsible for increasing insulin resistance and can increase the risk of diabetes or promote an impairment of glucose tolerance mechanisms. Given the bidirectional transparency between diabetes and periodontitis, it has been demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in participants with periodontitis and diabetes can influence glycemic control.

For the treatment of periodontal disease, surgical or non-surgical periodontal therapy is used as a basis, which aims to reduce the infection caused by dental plaque. But laser therapy is currently used as an adjuvant treatment in cases of periodontitis. The use of low-power lasers and photosensitizers has improved the reduction of bone loss and elimination of pathogenic bacteria, in addition to decontaminating periodontal pockets with almost no damage.

The direct benefits of the study are the treatment and resolution of periodontal disease for the participant and for the scientific community to indicate new forms of periodontal therapy using these medications associated with periodontal instrumentation. All tooth pocket sites in all groups will receive treatment.