Carbon Monoxide and Oxidative Stress in Waterpipe Smokers

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Waterpipe Smoking; Oxidative Stress

• Registration Number: NCT02937415
• Lead Sponsor: Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

Brief Summary

Waterpipe is a tool for smoking tobacco, which is thought to be less harmful than cigarette. Unfortunately, there aren't adequate studies about its harms to health that are threatening the young generation all over the world today. The objective of this study was to show the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in waterpipe smokers' breaths, whether can be used or not to reflect the changes of oxidative stress for this reason to predict harmful effects on the pulmonary functions.

Detailed Description

Waterpipe or hookah uses a different kind of tobacco, which is available in most Balkan countries, Middle East and South Asia. Popularity of smoking waterpipe among European, Canadian, and American young people has shown a dramatic rise over the past decade. The growing popularity of waterpipe use among U.S. teens and adults is evidenced by media reports and the recent rapid proliferation of waterpipe establishments (bars, cafes, or restaurants) in large cities and near college campuses. Typical waterpipes have the following components; a bowl where the tobacco is placed and heated, usually with burning embers or charcoal, a vase or smoke chamber which is partially filled with water, a pipe or stem connecting the bowl to the vase by a tube that carries the smoke down into the water, and a hose with a mouthpiece through which the smoke is drawn from the vase. As the smoker inhales, the tobacco smoke is sucked down from the bowl and then bubbles up through the water into the air of the smoke chamber and then through the hose to the smoker. At the end of a smoking session, the dirty water is thrown away and the waterpipe vase is refilled for the next user. Although each smoking session generally lasts about 45 to 60 minutes, it can also continue for several hours.

There is a misconception about smoking waterpipe that it is less harmful than cigarettes, and that's why smoking waterpipe is dramatically increasing especially among young people. While the adverse effects of smoking cigarette are widely described, there are just a few investigations about waterpipe and its effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of smoking waterpipe on pulmonary functions and oxidative stress parameters.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2012-07
• Primary Completion: 2012-12
• Study Completion: 2013-01
• Study First Submitted: 2015-12-19
• Status Verified: 2016-10
• Study First Submitted QC: 2016-10-16
• Last Update Submitted: 2016-10-16
• Study First Posted: 2016-10-18
• Last Update Posted: 2016-10-18

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 100

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants who haven't determined major health problems,
• between ages 18-40.

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants who under age 18 and above 40,
• pregnant women,
• individuals who have major health problems

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Breath Carbon Monoxide Level	Up to 4 months	Levels of CO in breath will be measured in either waterpipe smokers or control group.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Plasma TAS (Total Anti-Oxydant Status) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Anti-Oxidant Status: TAS Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
A spirometric Test; FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	FVC Will Be Measured To Evaluation of Deterioration Levels of Pulmonary Functions in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
A spirometric Test; FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow in 25-75%) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	FEF25-75 Will Be Measured To Evaluation of Deterioration Levels of Pulmonary Functions in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
Plasma OSI Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Antioxidant Status: TAS (Total Anti-oxydative Status) Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
A spirometric Test; FEV1/FVC (Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second/Forced Vital Capacity) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	FEV1/FVC Will Be Measured To Evaluation of Deterioration Levels of Pulmonary Functions in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
Plasma ARES (Arylesterase) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Arylesterase Activity: ARES Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
A spirometric Test; PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	PEF Will Be Measured To Evaluation of Deterioration Levels of Pulmonary Functions in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
Plasma TOS (Total Oxydative Stress) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Oxidative Stress: TOS Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
A spirometric Test; FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	FEV1 Will Be Measured To Evaluation of Deterioration Levels of Pulmonary Functions in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
Plasma sPON (Stimulated Paraoxonase) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Antioxidant Status: sPON Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.
Plasma PON (Paraoxonase) Measurement.	Up to 4 months	To Assessment of Antioxidant Status: PON Levels in Plasma Will Be Measured in Either Waterpipe Smokers or Control Group.