Testing Legally Feasible Options at Retail Point of Sale - Prices and Posters
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- RAND
- 入组人数
- 445
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Self-reported Cigarette Smoking Risk After Shopping in the StoreLab
研究概览
简要总结
The overall aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate different, legally-viable approaches to reducing the impact of the point-of-sale (POS) retail environment on adolescent tobacco use risk. This study will be investigating regulations for four classes of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, little cigars/cigarillos). Study 2 and study 3 (out of 3 studies), occurring concurrently, will examine whether changing the number and content of posters on the outside doors at POS reduced adolescents' tobacco use risk.
详细描述
Tobacco advertising at retail point-of-sale (POS) includes promotional allowances that permit tobacco products to be advertised and sold at reduced cost to consumers (e.g., two-for-one specials); high visibility sale and therefore placement of hundreds of tobacco products on power walls; and the display of a large, diverse collection of poster advertisements on the exterior of the stores. Adolescents are at significant risk for having repeated exposures to this tobacco rich POS environment and such exposures contribute to increases in adolescent tobacco use. Although curbing the effect of the tobacco rich POS environment on adolescent tobacco use is a critical public health goal, some POS advertising regulations are unlikely to be viable in the United States because they impinge upon the tobacco industry's commercial free speech rights. For example, eliminating the tobacco power wall is probably not a viable option in the US as it has been successfully challenged in court by the tobacco industry. POS regulations that do not violate the industry's commercial free speech rights stand a better chance of being upheld by the courts. For example, eliminating tobacco product price promotions, reducing the availability of tobacco products by restricting the sale of flavored products, and restricting how much door/window space tobacco product posters can occupy at POS, all have been implemented as feasible and legally defensible regulatory options at POS. The evidence base supporting the efficacy of these initiatives is, however, almost non-existent - leaving them open to legal scrutiny. The overall aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate different, legally-viable approaches to reducing the impact of the POS retail environment on adolescent tobacco use risk. This research will be investigating the regulations for four classes of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, little cigars/cigarillos): the extent to which eliminating tobacco product price promotions (Study 2), restricting how much door/window space tobacco posters can occupy at POS (Study 3), and eliminating the sale of flavored and/or mentholated tobacco products (Study 1) reduce adolescent tobacco-use risk. Each study will evaluate for possible gender and race (African-American vs Caucasian) differences. The studies will take place in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store that was developed to experimentally evaluate how altering aspects of tobacco promotion at POS influences tobacco use. The present record is for Study 2 and Study 3.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 20 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •ages 18-20, in college
排除标准
- •any medical or psychiatric condition which would make compliance with the study protocol difficult (based on parent report).
- •Previous participation in a previous StoreLab study
研究组 & 干预措施
Status Quo
This condition will allow for many posters with pricing information to be displayed.
干预措施: Many posters with prices (Other)
Reduced Poster
This condition will allow for a reduced number of posters with pricing information to be displayed.
干预措施: Fewer posters, no price restrictions (Other)
No price
This condition will allow for many posters with no pricing information to be displayed.
干预措施: Many posters, no prices (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Self-reported Cigarette Smoking Risk After Shopping in the StoreLab
时间窗: There is one visit in this research: This variable is assessed at that visit, within 5 minutes of the experimental manipulation
Respondents answer the following items: "Do you think you will try a cigarette anytime soon?", "Do you think you will try a cigarette anytime in the next year?"; and "If one of your best friends offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it?". Responses are made on a 1 (Definitely not) to 10 (Definitely yes) scale and summed to produce a total smoking risk scale score (range from 3 - 30). Total scale scores are dichotomized: scores of 3 are coded as '0' (no risk) and any score greater than 3 is coded as '1' (at risk). Outcome is proportion at risk of cigarette smoking (number of participants at risk over number of participants within condition).
Self-reported Vaping/ENDS Risk of Use
时间窗: There is one visit in this research: This variable is assessed at that visit, within 5 minutes after experimental manipulation
Respondents answer the following items: "Do you think you will try a vaping product anytime soon?", "Do you think you will try a vaping product anytime in the next year?"; and "If one of your best friends offered you a vaping product, would you use it?". Responses are made on a 1 (Definitely not) to 10 (Definitely yes) scale and summed to produce a total vaping risk scale score (range from 3 - 30). Total scale scores are dichotomized: scores of 3 are coded as '0' (no risk) and any score greater than 3 is coded as '1' (at risk). Outcome is proportion at risk of vaping (number of participants at risk over number of participants within condition).
Self-reported Smokeless Tobacco Use Risk
时间窗: There is one visit in this research: This variable is assessed at that visit, within 5 minutes of the experimental manipulation
Respondents answer the following items: "Do you think you will use smokeless tobacco anytime soon?", "Do you think you will try smokeless tobacco anytime in the next year?"; and "If one of your best friends offered you smokeless tobacco, would you use it?". Responses are made on a 1 (Definitely not) to 4 (Definitely yes) scale and summed to produce a total smokeless tobacco risk scale score (range from 3 - 30). Total scale scores are dichotomized: scores of 3 are coded as '0' (no risk) and any score greater than 3 is coded as '1' (at risk). Outcome is proportion at risk of smokeless tobacco use (number of participants at risk over number of participants within condition).
Self-reported Cigarillo/Little Cigar *LCC) Use Risk
时间窗: There is one visit in this research: This variable is assessed at that visit, within 5 minutes of the experimental manipulation
Respondents answer the following items: "Do you think you will try a cigarillo/little cigar anytime soon?", "Do you think you will try a cigarillo anytime in the next year?"; and "If one of your best friends offered you a cigarillo, would you smoke it?". Responses are made on a 1 (Definitely not) to 4 (Definitely yes) scale and summed to produce a total cigarillo risk scale score (range from 3 - 30). Total scale scores are dichotomized: scores of 3 are coded as '0' (no risk) and any score greater than 3 is coded as '1' (at risk). Outcome is proportion at risk of LCC use (number of participants at risk over number of participants within condition).
次要结局
未报告次要终点