A Randomized, Phase II Study of Apalutamide +/- Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients With Oligometastatic Disease on PSMA-PET Imaging
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- Apalutamide
- Conditions
- Castration Levels of Testosterone
- Sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Enrollment
- 26
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Proportion of patients with undetectable serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 3 months ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This phase II trial studies the how well apalutamide with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy work in treating participants with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Testosterone can cause the growth of prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy using apalutamide may fight prostate cancer by blocking the use of testosterone by the tumor cells. Stereotactic body radiation therapy uses special equipment to position a patient and deliver radiation to tumors with high precision. This method can kill tumor cells with fewer doses over a shorter period and cause less damage to normal tissue. It is not yet known whether giving apalutamide with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy works better in treating participants with castration-resistant cancer.
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To demonstrate whether the proportion of patients with an undetectable serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) at 6 months following cessation of apalutamide is higher with addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-avid oligometastatic sites of disease compared to the group of patients receiving apalutamide monotherapy SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the time to PSA progression by Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG) criteria between treatment arms. II. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of apalutamide in combination with SBRT. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To characterize the metastatic pattern at baseline and at progression in these patients and to determine whether features of the baseline PSMA-PET scan are associated with treatment outcomes. OUTLINE: Participants are randomized to 1 of 2 arms. ARM A: Participants receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B: Participants receive apalutamide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 60 days after first dose of apalutamide, participants also undergo stereotactic body radiation therapy for 1-5 fractions. After completion of study treatment, participants are followed at for 30 days.
Investigators
Rahul Aggarwal
Associate Clinical Professor
University of California, San Francisco
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate
- •Progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrated during continuous antiandrogen therapy (ADT), defined as 3 PSA rises at least 1 week apart, with a minimum PSA \> .05 ng/mL obtained during screening.
- •At least one but no more than 5 discrete PSMA-avid radiation fields on baseline PSMA-PET scan; all PSMA-avid lesions in radiation fields must be amenable to SBRT in judgment of treating radiation oncologist; there are no restrictions on site of lesion/radiation fields (e.g. bone, lymph node, prostate, visceral). Equivocal lesions/radiation fields on PSMA PET scan that are not definitive for metastasis will not count towards the limit of 5 radiation fields and will not undergo SBRT
- •Surgically or medically castrated, with testosterone levels of \< 50 ng/dL during screening; if the patient is medically castrated, continuous dosing with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue must have been initiated at least 4 weeks prior to randomization and must be continued throughout the study to maintain castrate levels of testosterone including post-treatment follow up period
- •No prior systemic treatment initiated for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer, including abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, other novel AR or CYP17 antagonist, or docetaxel.
- •Patients receiving bone loss prevention treatment with bone-modifying agents (e.g. denosumab, zoledronic acid) must be on stable doses for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization
- •Patients who received a first generation anti-androgen (e.g., bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide) as most recent treatment must have at least a 6-week washout prior to randomization and must show continuing disease (PSA) progression (an increase in PSA) after washout
- •At least 4 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed from the use of any anti-cancer therapy, other than Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog or first generation antiandrogen, prior to randomization
- •At least 4 weeks must have elapsed from major surgery or radiation therapy prior to randomization
- •Age \> 18 years
Exclusion Criteria
- •Presence of visceral lesions (e.g. lung, liver) detectable on baseline imaging or bone lesions requiring focal radiation treatment at the time of study entry
- •History of seizure or condition that may pre-dispose to seizure (e.g., prior stroke within 1 year prior to randomization, brain arteriovenous malformation, Schwannoma, meningioma, or other benign central nervous system (CNS) or meningeal disease which may require treatment with surgery or radiation therapy
- •Concurrent therapy with any of the following (all must have been discontinued or substituted for at least 1 week prior to randomization, except for medications known to lower seizure threshold which must be discontinued or substituted at least 4 weeks prior to randomization)
- •Medications known to lower the seizure threshold
- •Herbal (e.g., saw palmetto) and non-herbal (e.g., pomegranate) products that may decrease PSA levels
- •Systemic (oral/intravenous (IV)/intramuscular (IM)) corticosteroids; patients on chronic stable dose of steroids at an equivalent dose of prednisone ≤ 10 mg daily may be permitted to enroll at the discretion of principal investigator
- •Any other experimental treatment on another clinical trial
- •Any of the following within 6 months prior to randomization: Severe/unstable angina, myocardial infarction, symptomatic congestive heart failure, arterial or venous thromboembolic events (e.g., pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident including transient ischemic attacks), or clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias
- •Uncontrolled hypertension at study entry; patients with a history of uncontrolled hypertension are allowed provided blood pressure is controlled by antihypertensive treatment
- •Gastrointestinal disorder affecting absorption
Arms & Interventions
Arm I (apalutamide, SBRT)
Participants receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 60 days after first dose of apalutamide, participants also undergo stereotactic body radiation therapy for 1-5 fractions.
Intervention: Apalutamide
Arm I (apalutamide, SBRT)
Participants receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 60 days after first dose of apalutamide, participants also undergo stereotactic body radiation therapy for 1-5 fractions.
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Arm II (SBRT)
Participants receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Intervention: Apalutamide
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Proportion of patients with undetectable serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Time Frame: Approximately 18 months from date of randomization
The primary endpoint for the study is the proportion of patients with undetectable serum PSA (\< 0.2 ng/mL) at 6 months following completion of apalutamide therapy (18 months from date of randomization). Patients who discontinue apalutamide prior to completion of 12 months of therapy for reasons other than disease progression by Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG) criteria, as well as patients who withdraw or are lost to follow up, will be considered unevaluable for this analysis. Patients who discontinue treatment for radiographic or clinical progression, even if occurring prior to receipt of SBRT in the experimental arm), would be evaluable for analysis of the primary endpoint.
Secondary Outcomes
- Frequency of treatment-related adverse events (AEs)(Up to 36 months)
- Median Time to PSA Progression(Up to 36 months)